stage1 支持label break, continue

stage1/spl_ast.c

@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ static int can_start_expr(spl_tok_type_t t) {
     case TOK_IDENT:
     case TOK_AT:
     case TOK_SHARP:
+    case TOK_DOLLAR:
     case TOK_L_PAREN:
     case TOK_L_BRACKET:
     case TOK_L_BRACE:
@@ -1261,6 +1262,40 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_prefix(parser_t *p) {
     if (!t)
         return 0;
 
+    if (t->type == TOK_DOLLAR) {
+        spl_ast_node_ref_t label = parse_label(p);
+        const spl_tok_t *kw = peek(p);
+        spl_ast_node_ref_t ref = 0;
+        if (kw && kw->type == KW_WHILE)
+            ref = parse_while_expr(p);
+        else if (kw && kw->type == KW_LOOP)
+            ref = parse_loop_expr(p);
+        else if (kw && kw->type == KW_FOR)
+            ref = parse_for_expr(p);
+        else {
+            SPL_FATAL(kw, "expected while/loop/for after label");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (!ref)
+            return 0;
+
+        spl_ast_node_t *n = node_at(p->ast, ref);
+        switch (n->kind) {
+        case SPL_AST_EXPR_WHILE:
+            n->while_expr.label = label;
+            break;
+        case SPL_AST_EXPR_LOOP:
+            n->loop_expr.label = label;
+            break;
+        case SPL_AST_EXPR_FOR:
+            n->for_expr.label = label;
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        return ref;
+    }
+
     spl_unary_op_t uop;
     switch (t->type) {
     case TOK_SUB:
@@ -1738,8 +1773,6 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_while_expr(parser_t *p) {
         return 0;
     advance(p);
 
-    spl_ast_node_ref_t label = parse_label(p);
-
     p->stop_agg++;
     spl_ast_node_ref_t cond = parse_expr(p);
     p->stop_agg--;
@@ -1760,7 +1793,7 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_while_expr(parser_t *p) {
     }
 
     spl_ast_node_ref_t ref = new_node(p, SPL_AST_EXPR_WHILE, kw);
-    node_at(p->ast, ref)->while_expr.label = label;
+    node_at(p->ast, ref)->while_expr.label = 0;
     node_at(p->ast, ref)->while_expr.cond = cond;
     node_at(p->ast, ref)->while_expr.body = body;
     node_at(p->ast, ref)->while_expr.else_branch = else_branch;
@@ -1773,11 +1806,10 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_loop_expr(parser_t *p) {
         return 0;
     advance(p);
 
-    spl_ast_node_ref_t label = parse_label(p);
     spl_ast_node_ref_t body = parse_block(p);
 
     spl_ast_node_ref_t ref = new_node(p, SPL_AST_EXPR_LOOP, kw);
-    node_at(p->ast, ref)->loop_expr.label = label;
+    node_at(p->ast, ref)->loop_expr.label = 0;
     node_at(p->ast, ref)->loop_expr.body = body;
     return ref;
 }
@@ -1788,9 +1820,6 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_for_expr(parser_t *p) {
         return 0;
     advance(p);
 
-    spl_ast_node_ref_t label = parse_label(p);
-
-    // 解析迭代表达式列表（用 stop_as 阻止 'as' 被误解析为类型转换）
     p->stop_as = 1;
     spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t iter_exprs;
     vec_init(iter_exprs);
@@ -1801,7 +1830,6 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_for_expr(parser_t *p) {
     }
     p->stop_as = 0;
 
-    // 必须有关键字 as
     const spl_tok_t *t = peek(p);
     if (!t || t->type != KW_AS) {
         SPL_FATAL(t, "expected 'as' in for loop");
@@ -1809,7 +1837,6 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_for_expr(parser_t *p) {
     }
     advance(p);
 
-    // 解析绑定变量列表（允许 '_'）
     spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t idents;
     vec_init(idents);
     t = peek(p);
@@ -1835,12 +1862,10 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_for_expr(parser_t *p) {
         vec_push(idents, id_node);
     }
 
-    // 循环体必须为块
     spl_ast_node_ref_t body = parse_block(p);
     if (!body)
         return 0;
 
-    // 可选的 else 分支
     spl_ast_node_ref_t else_branch = 0;
     if (peek(p) && peek(p)->type == KW_ELSE) {
         advance(p);
@@ -1852,7 +1877,7 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_for_expr(parser_t *p) {
 
     spl_ast_node_ref_t ref = new_node(p, SPL_AST_EXPR_FOR, kw);
     spl_ast_node_t *fe = node_at(p->ast, ref);
-    fe->for_expr.label = label;
+    fe->for_expr.label = 0;
     fe->for_expr.iter_exprs = iter_exprs;
     fe->for_expr.idents = idents;
     fe->for_expr.body = body;
@@ -2153,12 +2178,18 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_block(parser_t *p) {
                     SPL_FATAL(t, "only one tail expression allowed");
                 }
                 block->block.tail_expr = expr;
-            } else if (expr && node_at(p->ast, expr)->kind == SPL_AST_EXPR_BLOCK) {
-                vec_push(block->block.stmts, expr);
-                // 继续循环，处理下一个语句
             } else {
-                SPL_FATAL(t, "expected ';' or '}' after expression");
+                spl_ast_node_kind_t k = node_at(p->ast, expr)->kind;
-                break;
+                bool block_like =
+                    (k == SPL_AST_EXPR_BLOCK || k == SPL_AST_EXPR_IF || k == SPL_AST_EXPR_IFVAR ||
+                     k == SPL_AST_EXPR_WHILE || k == SPL_AST_EXPR_LOOP || k == SPL_AST_EXPR_FOR ||
+                     k == SPL_AST_EXPR_MATCH);
+                if (block_like) {
+                    vec_push(block->block.stmts, expr);
+                } else {
+                    SPL_FATAL(t, "expected ';' or '}' after expression");
+                    break;
+                }
             }
         } else {
             SPL_FATAL(t, "unrecognized token in block");

stage1/spl_ast2ir.c

@@ -25,8 +25,10 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_expr(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref);
 static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_lvalue(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref);
 static void emit_stmt(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref);
 static void emit_decl(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref);
-static void emit_fn(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n);
+static void emit_fn_reserve(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n);
-static void emit_container(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref);
+static void emit_fn_body(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n);
+static void emit_container_reserve(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref);
+static void emit_container_body(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref);
 
 static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_cast(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n);
 static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_expr_raw(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref);
@@ -42,7 +44,8 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_zero_value(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_type_id_t tid) {
     spl_type_node_t *tn = spl_type_node(a->sema->type, tid);
     if (!tn)
         return 0;
-    switch (tn->kind) {
+    spl_type_node_kind_t tk = tn->kind;
+    switch (tk) {
     case SPL_TYPE_BOOL:
         return spl_ir_builder_type_const_bool(a->ir, tid, false);
     case SPL_TYPE_INT:
@@ -53,9 +56,11 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_zero_value(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_type_id_t tid) {
     case SPL_TYPE_FN:
         return spl_ir_builder_type_const_ptr(a->ir, tid, NULL);
     case SPL_TYPE_ARRAY: {
+        usize arr_len = tn->array_type.len;
+        spl_type_id_t arr_elem = tn->array_type.element;
         spl_ir_node_ref_t node = spl_ir_builder_agg_construct(a->ir, tid);
-        for (usize i = 0; i < tn->array_type.len; ++i) {
+        for (usize i = 0; i < arr_len; ++i) {
-            spl_ir_node_ref_t f = emit_zero_value(a, tn->array_type.element);
+            spl_ir_node_ref_t f = emit_zero_value(a, arr_elem);
             if (!f)
                 return 0;
             spl_ir_builder_agg_construct_field(a->ir, node, f);
@@ -64,20 +69,31 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_zero_value(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_type_id_t tid) {
     }
     case SPL_TYPE_STRUCT:
     case SPL_TYPE_SHAPE: {
+        usize nfield = vec_size(tn->agg_type.variants);
+        spl_type_id_vec_t field_tids;
+        vec_init(field_tids);
+        for (usize i = 0; i < nfield; ++i)
+            vec_push(field_tids, vec_at(tn->agg_type.variants, i).type_id);
+
         spl_ir_node_ref_t node = spl_ir_builder_agg_construct(a->ir, tid);
-        for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(tn->agg_type.variants); ++i) {
+        for (usize i = 0; i < nfield; ++i) {
-            spl_ir_node_ref_t f = emit_zero_value(a, vec_at(tn->agg_type.variants, i).type_id);
+            spl_ir_node_ref_t f = emit_zero_value(a, vec_at(field_tids, i));
-            if (!f)
+            if (!f) {
+                vec_free(field_tids);
                 return 0;
+            }
             spl_ir_builder_agg_construct_field(a->ir, node, f);
         }
+        vec_free(field_tids);
         return node;
     }
     case SPL_TYPE_UNION: {
+        usize nfield = vec_size(tn->agg_type.variants);
+        if (nfield == 0)
+            return spl_ir_builder_agg_construct(a->ir, tid);
+        spl_type_id_t first_tid = vec_at(tn->agg_type.variants, 0).type_id;
         spl_ir_node_ref_t node = spl_ir_builder_agg_construct(a->ir, tid);
-        if (vec_size(tn->agg_type.variants) == 0)
+        spl_ir_node_ref_t f = emit_zero_value(a, first_tid);
-            return node;
-        spl_ir_node_ref_t f = emit_zero_value(a, vec_at(tn->agg_type.variants, 0).type_id);
         if (!f)
             return 0;
         spl_ir_builder_agg_construct_field(a->ir, node, f);
@@ -87,7 +103,6 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_zero_value(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_type_id_t tid) {
         return 0;
     }
 }
-
 static void copy_attrs_to_ir_node(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n, spl_ir_node_ref_t ir_ref) {
     if (!ir_ref || !n || vec_size(n->attrs) == 0)
         return;
@@ -232,14 +247,17 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_lvalue(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         spl_lang_type_node_t *obj_ln = spl_lang_type_node(a->sema->type, obj_lang);
         if (!obj_ln)
             return 0;
-        if (spl_intrin_lookup_field(obj_ln->kind, n->field.field) != SPL_INTRIN_NONE)
+        spl_lang_type_kind_t obj_kind = obj_ln->kind;
+        spl_lang_type_id_t obj_elem = (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_PTR) ? obj_ln->extra.elem : 0;
+
+        if (spl_intrin_lookup_field(obj_kind, n->field.field) != SPL_INTRIN_NONE)
             return 0; /* 内建字段不是左值 */
 
         spl_ir_node_ref_t base = 0;
         spl_lang_type_id_t agg_lang = 0;
-        if (obj_ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_PTR) {
+        if (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_PTR) {
             base = emit_expr(a, n->field.obj);
-            agg_lang = obj_ln->extra.elem;
+            agg_lang = obj_elem;
         } else {
             base = emit_lvalue(a, n->field.obj);
             agg_lang = obj_lang;
@@ -270,25 +288,43 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_lvalue(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         if (!obj_ln)
             return 0;
 
+        spl_lang_type_kind_t obj_kind = obj_ln->kind;
+        spl_lang_type_id_t obj_elem = 0;
+        if (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_PTR || obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY ||
+            obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_SLICE)
+            obj_elem = obj_ln->extra.elem;
+
+        if (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_TUPLE) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *idx_node = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, n->index.index);
+            if (!idx_node || idx_node->kind != SPL_AST_EXPR_INT_LIT)
+                return 0;
+            usize i = (usize)idx_node->int_lit.val;
+            spl_ir_node_ref_t base = emit_lvalue(a, n->index.obj);
+            if (!base)
+                return 0;
+            spl_type_id_t tuple_ir = to_ir_type(a, obj_lang);
+            if (!tuple_ir)
+                return 0;
+            return spl_ir_builder_mem_field(a->ir, tuple_ir, base, i);
+        }
+
         spl_ir_node_ref_t base = 0;
         spl_lang_type_id_t elem_lang = 0;
-        if (obj_ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_PTR) {
+        if (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_PTR) {
             base = emit_expr(a, n->index.obj);
-            elem_lang = obj_ln->extra.elem;
+            elem_lang = obj_elem;
-        } else if (obj_ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+        } else if (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY) {
             base = emit_lvalue(a, n->index.obj);
-            elem_lang = obj_ln->extra.elem;
+            elem_lang = obj_elem;
-        } else if (obj_ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_SLICE) {
+        } else if (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_SLICE) {
-            /* 切片：取出切片值，再 agg_extract 出 ptr 字段 */
             spl_ir_node_ref_t slice_val = emit_expr(a, n->index.obj);
             if (!slice_val)
                 return 0;
-            spl_lang_type_id_t elem = obj_ln->extra.elem;
+            spl_type_id_t ptr_ir = spl_type_builder_ptr(a->sema->type, to_ir_type(a, obj_elem));
-            spl_type_id_t ptr_ir = spl_type_builder_ptr(a->sema->type, to_ir_type(a, elem));
             spl_ir_node_ref_t ptr = spl_ir_builder_agg_extract(a->ir, ptr_ir, ptr_ir,
                                                                SPL_SLICE_PTR_FIELD_IDX, slice_val);
             base = ptr;
-            elem_lang = elem;
+            elem_lang = obj_elem;
         } else {
             return 0;
         }
@@ -671,7 +707,9 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_expr_raw(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref)
         if (!tn)
             Panic("aggregate type node missing");
 
-        if (tn->kind == SPL_TYPE_ENUM) {
+        spl_type_node_kind_t tn_kind = tn->kind;
+
+        if (tn_kind == SPL_TYPE_ENUM) {
             if (vec_size(n->aggregate_literal.fields) != 1)
                 Panic("enum literal must have exactly one variant");
             spl_ast_node_t *item =
@@ -684,25 +722,30 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_expr_raw(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref)
                 Panic("enum variant `%s` not found (sema should have caught this)",
                       item->struct_init_item.name);
 
+            spl_type_id_t tag_ir = tn->agg_type.tag_type;
+            spl_type_id_t payload_ir = vec_at(tn->agg_type.variants, vidx).type_id;
+
             spl_ir_node_ref_t eptr = spl_ir_builder_mem_alloca(a->ir, t, const_usize(a, 1));
 
-            spl_type_id_t tag_ir = tn->agg_type.tag_type;
             spl_ir_node_ref_t tptr =
                 spl_ir_builder_mem_field(a->ir, t, eptr, SPL_ENUM_TAG_FIELD_IDX);
             spl_ir_node_ref_t tag_val = spl_ir_builder_type_const_int(a->ir, tag_ir, vidx);
             spl_ir_builder_mem_store(a->ir, tag_ir, tptr, tag_val);
 
-            spl_type_id_t ftid = vec_at(tn->agg_type.variants, vidx).type_id;
             spl_ir_node_ref_t pptr = spl_ir_builder_mem_field(a->ir, t, eptr, vidx + 1);
             spl_ir_node_ref_t payload = emit_expr(a, item->struct_init_item.expr);
             if (!payload)
                 Panic("enum payload emit failed");
-            spl_ir_builder_mem_store(a->ir, ftid, pptr, payload);
+            spl_ir_builder_mem_store(a->ir, payload_ir, pptr, payload);
 
             return eptr;
         }
 
         usize nfields = vec_size(tn->agg_type.variants);
+        spl_type_id_vec_t field_tids;
+        vec_init(field_tids);
+        for (usize i = 0; i < nfields; ++i)
+            vec_push(field_tids, vec_at(tn->agg_type.variants, i).type_id);
 
         spl_ir_node_ref_vec_t fields;
         vec_init(fields);
@@ -728,24 +771,34 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_expr_raw(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref)
 
         for (usize i = 0; i < nfields; ++i) {
             if (!vec_at(fields, i)) {
-                spl_type_id_t ftid = vec_at(tn->agg_type.variants, i).type_id;
+                spl_ir_node_ref_t f = emit_zero_value(a, vec_at(field_tids, i));
-                spl_ir_node_ref_t f = emit_zero_value(a, ftid);
+                if (!f) {
-                if (!f)
+                    vec_free(field_tids);
+                    vec_free(fields);
                     Panic("cannot zero-init aggregate field #%zu", i);
+                }
                 vec_at(fields, i) = f;
             }
         }
 
         spl_ir_node_ref_t node = spl_ir_builder_agg_construct(a->ir, t);
-        if (!node)
+        if (!node) {
+            vec_free(field_tids);
+            vec_free(fields);
             Panic("agg_construct failed for aggregate literal");
+        }
 
         for (usize i = 0; i < nfields; ++i) {
             spl_ir_node_ref_t f = vec_at(fields, i);
-            if (!f)
+            if (!f) {
+                vec_free(field_tids);
+                vec_free(fields);
                 Panic("aggregate field #%zu missing (sema should have caught this)", i);
+            }
             spl_ir_builder_agg_construct_field(a->ir, node, f);
         }
+
+        vec_free(field_tids);
         vec_free(fields);
         return node;
     }
@@ -770,11 +823,15 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_expr_raw(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref)
         if (!obj_ln)
             return 0;
 
+        spl_lang_type_kind_t obj_kind = obj_ln->kind;
+        spl_lang_type_id_t obj_elem = obj_ln->extra.elem;
+        spl_type_id_t obj_ir = obj_ln->ir_type_id;
+
         spl_type_id_t slice_ir = node_ir(a, n);
         if (!slice_ir)
             return 0;
 
-        spl_lang_type_id_t elem_lang = obj_ln->extra.elem;
+        spl_lang_type_id_t elem_lang = obj_elem;
         spl_type_id_t elem_ir = to_ir_type(a, elem_lang);
         spl_lang_type_id_t usize_lang = spl_lang_make_int(a->sema->type, sizeof(void *) * 8, 0);
         spl_type_id_t usize_ir = to_ir_type(a, usize_lang);
@@ -798,13 +855,16 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t emit_expr_raw(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref)
         spl_ir_node_ref_t end_v = 0;
         if (n->slice.end) {
             end_v = emit_expr(a, n->slice.end);
-        } else if (obj_ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+        } else if (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-            spl_type_node_t *arr = spl_type_node(a->sema->type, obj_ln->ir_type_id);
+            spl_type_node_t *arr = spl_type_node(a->sema->type, obj_ir);
-            end_v = spl_ir_builder_type_const_int(a->ir, usize_ir, arr->array_type.len);
+            if (!arr)
-        } else if (obj_ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_SLICE) {
+                return 0;
+            usize arr_len = arr->array_type.len;
+            end_v = spl_ir_builder_type_const_int(a->ir, usize_ir, arr_len);
+        } else if (obj_kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_SLICE) {
             spl_ir_node_ref_t slice_val = emit_expr(a, n->slice.obj);
-            end_v = spl_ir_builder_agg_extract(a->ir, obj_ln->ir_type_id, usize_ir,
+            end_v = spl_ir_builder_agg_extract(a->ir, obj_ir, usize_ir, SPL_SLICE_LEN_FIELD_IDX,
-                                               SPL_SLICE_LEN_FIELD_IDX, slice_val);
+                                               slice_val);
         } else {
             return 0;
         }
@@ -852,21 +912,6 @@ static void emit_stmt(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
         return;
     }
-    case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_BREAK: {
-        if (vec_size(a->loop_stack) == 0)
-            return;
-        spl_ir_node_ref_t jmp = spl_ir_builder_control_jmp(a->ir);
-        vec_push(vec_at(a->loop_stack, vec_size(a->loop_stack) - 1).breaks, jmp);
-        return;
-    }
-    case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_CONTINUE: {
-        if (vec_size(a->loop_stack) == 0)
-            return;
-        spl_ir_node_ref_t jmp = spl_ir_builder_control_jmp(a->ir);
-        usize cont = vec_at(a->loop_stack, vec_size(a->loop_stack) - 1).cont_blk;
-        spl_ir_builder_control_jmp_fixup(a->ir, jmp, cont);
-        return;
-    }
     case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_DEFER:
         if (n->statement_defer.body)
             vec_push(a->defer_stack, n->statement_defer.body);
@@ -981,6 +1026,12 @@ static void emit_stmt(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         spl_loop_ctx_t ctx = {0};
         ctx.cont_blk = head_blk;
         ctx.brk_blk = 0;
+        ctx.label = NULL;
+        if (n->while_expr.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, n->while_expr.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                ctx.label = ln->label.name;
+        }
         vec_init(ctx.breaks);
         vec_push(a->loop_stack, ctx);
 
@@ -1019,6 +1070,12 @@ static void emit_stmt(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         spl_loop_ctx_t ctx = {0};
         ctx.cont_blk = head_blk;
         ctx.brk_blk = 0;
+        ctx.label = NULL;
+        if (n->loop_expr.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, n->loop_expr.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                ctx.label = ln->label.name;
+        }
         vec_init(ctx.breaks);
         vec_push(a->loop_stack, ctx);
 
@@ -1043,6 +1100,61 @@ static void emit_stmt(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         vec_pop(a->loop_stack);
         return;
     }
+    case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_BREAK: {
+        if (vec_size(a->loop_stack) == 0)
+            return;
+
+        const char *lbl = NULL;
+        if (n->statement_break.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, n->statement_break.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                lbl = ln->label.name;
+        }
+
+        spl_ir_node_ref_t jmp = spl_ir_builder_control_jmp(a->ir);
+
+        if (lbl) {
+            for (usize i = vec_size(a->loop_stack); i > 0; --i) {
+                spl_loop_ctx_t *c = &vec_at(a->loop_stack, i - 1);
+                if (c->label && strcmp(c->label, lbl) == 0) {
+                    vec_push(c->breaks, jmp);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        vec_push(vec_at(a->loop_stack, vec_size(a->loop_stack) - 1).breaks, jmp);
+        return;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_CONTINUE: {
+        if (vec_size(a->loop_stack) == 0)
+            return;
+
+        const char *lbl = NULL;
+        if (n->statement_continue.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, n->statement_continue.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                lbl = ln->label.name;
+        }
+
+        spl_ir_node_ref_t jmp = spl_ir_builder_control_jmp(a->ir);
+
+        if (lbl) {
+            for (usize i = vec_size(a->loop_stack); i > 0; --i) {
+                spl_loop_ctx_t *c = &vec_at(a->loop_stack, i - 1);
+                if (c->label && strcmp(c->label, lbl) == 0) {
+                    spl_ir_builder_control_jmp_fixup(a->ir, jmp, c->cont_blk);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        usize cont = vec_at(a->loop_stack, vec_size(a->loop_stack) - 1).cont_blk;
+        spl_ir_builder_control_jmp_fixup(a->ir, jmp, cont);
+        return;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_BLOCK:
         emit_expr(a, ref);
         return;
@@ -1085,16 +1197,13 @@ static void emit_decl(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
         return;
     }
-    case SPL_AST_FN_DECL:
-        emit_fn(a, n);
-        return;
     default:
         return;
     }
 }
 
-static void emit_fn(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n) {
+static void emit_fn_reserve(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n) {
-    if (!n->resolved_def_id)
+    if (!n || !n->resolved_def_id)
         return;
 
     spl_lang_type_id_t fn_lang = spl_def_get_lang_id(a->sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
@@ -1106,13 +1215,34 @@ static void emit_fn(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n) {
     if (!fn_ir)
         return;
 
-    spl_ir_func_ref_t fn_ref = spl_ir_builder_fn_begin(a->ir, n->fn_decl.name, fn_ir);
+    spl_ir_func_ref_t fn_ref = spl_ir_builder_fn_reserve(a->ir, n->fn_decl.name, fn_ir);
     map_put(a->def2ir_map, n->resolved_def_id, (spl_ir_node_ref_t)fn_ref);
 
     copy_attrs_to_ir_func(a, n, fn_ref);
+}
+
+static void emit_fn_body(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n) {
+    if (!n || !n->resolved_def_id)
+        return;
+
+    spl_ir_func_ref_t fn_ref = 0;
+    if (!map_get(a->def2ir_map, n->resolved_def_id, &fn_ref))
+        return;
+
+    spl_lang_type_id_t fn_lang = spl_def_get_lang_id(a->sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
+    spl_lang_type_node_t *fn_ln = spl_lang_type_node(a->sema->type, fn_lang);
+    if (!fn_ln || fn_ln->kind != SPL_LANG_TYPE_FN)
+        return;
+
+    spl_lang_type_id_t ret_lang = fn_ln->extra.fn.ret;
+    spl_type_id_t ret_ir = to_ir_type(a, ret_lang);
+    spl_lang_type_node_t *ret_ln = spl_lang_type_node(a->sema->type, ret_lang);
+    int ret_is_unit = (ret_ln && ret_ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_UNIT) ? 1 : 0;
+
+    spl_ir_builder_fn_begin_at(a->ir, fn_ref);
 
     spl_lang_type_id_t saved_ret = a->cur_ret_lang;
-    a->cur_ret_lang = fn_ln->extra.fn.ret;
+    a->cur_ret_lang = ret_lang;
 
     usize defer_base = vec_size(a->defer_stack);
     usize loop_base = vec_size(a->loop_stack);
@@ -1149,21 +1279,17 @@ static void emit_fn(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n) {
             spl_ast_node_ref_t d = vec_pop(a->defer_stack);
             emit_stmt(a, d);
         }
-        spl_lang_type_id_t ret_lang = fn_ln->extra.fn.ret;
+
-        spl_lang_type_node_t *ret_ln = spl_lang_type_node(a->sema->type, ret_lang);
+        if (ret_is_unit) {
-        if (ret_ln && ret_ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_UNIT) {
+            spl_ir_builder_control_ret(a->ir, ret_ir, 0);
-            spl_ir_builder_control_ret(a->ir, to_ir_type(a, ret_lang), 0);
+        } else if (ret_ir) {
+            spl_ir_node_ref_t zero = emit_zero_value(a, ret_ir);
+            spl_ir_builder_control_ret(a->ir, ret_ir, zero);
         } else {
             spl_ir_builder_control_unreachable(a->ir);
         }
     }
 
-    /* 兜底清理：
-     * - 若 body 已显式 return，defer 栈可能已被清空到 defer_base 之下
-     *   （被 return 逻辑弹过），此时 vec_size <= defer_base，无需处理。
-     * - 若 body 里开了 loop 却没关（理论上不会，sema 已保证），
-     *   这里的 while 只是防止异常路径残留。
-     */
     while (vec_size(a->defer_stack) > defer_base) {
         spl_ast_node_ref_t d = vec_pop(a->defer_stack);
         (void)d;
@@ -1180,28 +1306,43 @@ static void emit_fn(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *n) {
     spl_ir_builder_fn_end(a->ir);
 }
 
-static void emit_aggregate_fns(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *te) {
+static void emit_aggregate_fns_reserve(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *te) {
     for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(te->type_aggregate.members); ++i) {
         spl_ast_node_t *mn = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, vec_at(te->type_aggregate.members, i));
         if (!mn)
             continue;
         if (mn->kind == SPL_AST_FN_DECL) {
-            emit_fn(a, mn);
+            emit_fn_reserve(a, mn);
         } else if (mn->kind == SPL_AST_MEMBER_DECL && mn->member_decl.type_expr) {
             spl_ast_node_t *mt = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, mn->member_decl.type_expr);
             if (mt && mt->kind == SPL_AST_TYPE_AGGREGATE)
-                emit_aggregate_fns(a, mt);
+                emit_aggregate_fns_reserve(a, mt);
         }
     }
 }
 
-static void emit_container(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
+static void emit_aggregate_fns_body(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_t *te) {
+    for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(te->type_aggregate.members); ++i) {
+        spl_ast_node_t *mn = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, vec_at(te->type_aggregate.members, i));
+        if (!mn)
+            continue;
+        if (mn->kind == SPL_AST_FN_DECL) {
+            emit_fn_body(a, mn);
+        } else if (mn->kind == SPL_AST_MEMBER_DECL && mn->member_decl.type_expr) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *mt = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, mn->member_decl.type_expr);
+            if (mt && mt->kind == SPL_AST_TYPE_AGGREGATE)
+                emit_aggregate_fns_body(a, mt);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void emit_container_reserve(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
     spl_ast_node_t *n = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, ref);
     if (!n)
         return;
     if (n->kind == SPL_AST_TOP_LEVEL_BLOCK) {
         if (n->top_level_block.block)
-            emit_container(a, n->top_level_block.block);
+            emit_container_reserve(a, n->top_level_block.block);
         return;
     }
     if (n->kind != SPL_AST_CONTAINER_MEMBERS)
@@ -1214,16 +1355,52 @@ static void emit_container(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
             continue;
         switch (d->kind) {
         case SPL_AST_FN_DECL:
-            emit_fn(a, d);
+            emit_fn_reserve(a, d);
             break;
         case SPL_AST_TYPE_DECL: {
             spl_ast_node_t *te = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, d->type_decl.type_expr);
             if (te && te->kind == SPL_AST_TYPE_AGGREGATE)
-                emit_aggregate_fns(a, te);
+                emit_aggregate_fns_reserve(a, te);
             break;
         }
         case SPL_AST_TOP_LEVEL_BLOCK:
-            emit_container(a, dref);
+            emit_container_reserve(a, dref);
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void emit_container_body(spl_ast2ir_t *a, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
+    spl_ast_node_t *n = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, ref);
+    if (!n)
+        return;
+    if (n->kind == SPL_AST_TOP_LEVEL_BLOCK) {
+        if (n->top_level_block.block)
+            emit_container_body(a, n->top_level_block.block);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (n->kind != SPL_AST_CONTAINER_MEMBERS)
+        return;
+
+    for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->container_members.declarations); ++i) {
+        spl_ast_node_ref_t dref = vec_at(n->container_members.declarations, i);
+        spl_ast_node_t *d = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, dref);
+        if (!d)
+            continue;
+        switch (d->kind) {
+        case SPL_AST_FN_DECL:
+            emit_fn_body(a, d);
+            break;
+        case SPL_AST_TYPE_DECL: {
+            spl_ast_node_t *te = spl_ast_node(a->sema->ast, d->type_decl.type_expr);
+            if (te && te->kind == SPL_AST_TYPE_AGGREGATE)
+                emit_aggregate_fns_body(a, te);
+            break;
+        }
+        case SPL_AST_TOP_LEVEL_BLOCK:
+            emit_container_body(a, dref);
             break;
         default:
             break;
@@ -1295,5 +1472,6 @@ void spl_ast2ir_run(spl_ast2ir_t *ast2ir) {
     spl_ast_node_t *root = spl_ast_node(ast, ast->root);
     if (!root || root->kind != SPL_AST_ROOT)
         return;
-    emit_container(ast2ir, root->root.members);
+    emit_container_reserve(ast2ir, root->root.members);
+    emit_container_body(ast2ir, root->root.members);
 }

stage1/spl_ast2ir.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ typedef MAP(spl_def_id_t, spl_ir_node_ref_t) spl_def2ir_map_t;
 typedef struct {
     usize cont_blk;
     usize brk_blk;
+    const char *label;
     spl_ir_node_ref_vec_t breaks;
 } spl_loop_ctx_t;
 typedef VEC(spl_loop_ctx_t) spl_loop_ctx_vec_t;

stage1/spl_ir.c

@@ -387,6 +387,27 @@ spl_ir_func_ref_t spl_ir_builder_fn_begin(spl_ir_builder_t *b, const char *name,
     return fid;
 }
 
+spl_ir_func_ref_t spl_ir_builder_fn_reserve(spl_ir_builder_t *b, const char *name,
+                                            spl_type_id_t fn_tid) {
+    spl_ir_func_ref_t fid = spl_ir_alloc_fn(&b->ir);
+    spl_ir_func_t *f = spl_ir_func(&b->ir, fid);
+    f->name = name;
+    vec_init(f->attrs);
+    f->fn_tid = fn_tid;
+    return fid;
+}
+
+void spl_ir_builder_fn_begin_at(spl_ir_builder_t *b, spl_ir_func_ref_t fid) {
+    if (b->current_fn && b->current_fn != fid) {
+        spl_ir_builder_fn_end(b);
+    }
+    b->current_fn = fid;
+    b->current_block = 0;
+    b->blocks.size = 0;
+    b->fixups.size = 0;
+    b->terminated = false;
+}
+
 void spl_ir_builder_fn_end(spl_ir_builder_t *b) {
     spl_ir_func_t *f = spl_ir_func(&b->ir, b->current_fn);
     if (!f) {

stage1/spl_ir.h

@@ -311,6 +311,9 @@ void spl_ir_builder_drop(spl_ir_builder_t *b);
 
 spl_ir_func_ref_t spl_ir_builder_fn_begin(spl_ir_builder_t *b, const char *name,
                                           spl_type_id_t fn_tid);
+spl_ir_func_ref_t spl_ir_builder_fn_reserve(spl_ir_builder_t *b, const char *name,
+                                            spl_type_id_t fn_tid);
+void spl_ir_builder_fn_begin_at(spl_ir_builder_t *b, spl_ir_func_ref_t fid);
 void spl_ir_builder_fn_end(spl_ir_builder_t *b);
 
 usize spl_ir_builder_block_begin(spl_ir_builder_t *b);

stage1/spl_sema.c

@@ -145,6 +145,8 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_check(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref,
 static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_intrin_call(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t *n, spl_intrin_t in,
                                            spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t *args);
 static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_intrin_field(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t *n, spl_intrin_t in);
+static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_eval_decl(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_def_id_t def_id);
+static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer_fn_signature(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t *n);
 
 static bool sema_is_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_lang_type_id_t tid) {
     spl_lang_type_node_t *n = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, tid);
@@ -200,13 +202,38 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_for_elem_type(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_lang_type_id_
     }
 }
 
-static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_build_aggregate(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t *te) {
+static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer_fn_signature(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t *n) {
+    if (!n || n->resolved_def_id == 0)
+        return 0;
+    spl_def_node_t *def = spl_def_node(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
+    if (def && def->lang_id != 0)
+        return def->lang_id;
+
+    spl_lang_type_id_vec_t param_types;
+    vec_init(param_types);
+    for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->fn_decl.params); ++i) {
+        spl_ast_node_t *pd = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, vec_at(n->fn_decl.params, i));
+        if (pd && pd->kind == SPL_AST_PARAM_DECL && pd->param_decl.type_expr)
+            vec_push(param_types, sema_infer(sema, pd->param_decl.type_expr));
+        else
+            vec_push(param_types, spl_lang_make_varargs(sema->type));
+    }
+    spl_lang_type_id_t ret_tid = sema_infer(sema, n->fn_decl.ret_type);
+    if (ret_tid == 0)
+        ret_tid = spl_lang_make_unit(sema->type);
+    spl_lang_type_id_t fn_tid = spl_lang_make_fn(
+        sema->type, ret_tid, vec_unsafe_get_data(param_types), vec_size(param_types));
+    vec_free(param_types);
+    spl_def_resolve(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id, fn_tid);
+    return fn_tid;
+}
+
+static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_build_aggregate(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t *te,
+                                               spl_def_id_t owner_def_id) {
     spl_type_member_vec_t members;
     vec_init(members);
     spl_lang_method_vec_t methods;
     vec_init(methods);
-    spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t fn_nodes;
-    vec_init(fn_nodes);
 
     for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(te->type_aggregate.members); ++i) {
         spl_ast_node_ref_t mref = vec_at(te->type_aggregate.members, i);
@@ -224,9 +251,11 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_build_aggregate(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t
             spl_def_id_t fn_def =
                 spl_def_alloc(sema->type, SPL_DEF_FN, mn->fn_decl.name, mn->dbg, mref);
             mn->resolved_def_id = fn_def;
+            spl_def_node_t *fn_d = spl_def_node(sema->type, fn_def);
+            if (fn_d)
+                fn_d->owner_def = owner_def_id;
             spl_lang_method_t meth = {.name = mn->fn_decl.name, .def_id = fn_def};
             vec_push(methods, meth);
-            vec_push(fn_nodes, mref);
         }
     }
 
@@ -267,19 +296,80 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_build_aggregate(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t
     ln.kind = lk;
     ln.ir_type_id = agg_ir;
     ln.methods = methods;
-    spl_lang_type_id_t agg_lang = spl_lang_node_push(sema->type, &ln);
+    return spl_lang_node_push(sema->type, &ln);
-
-    spl_lang_type_id_t saved_agg = sema->current_aggregate_lang;
-    sema->current_aggregate_lang = agg_lang;
-    for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(fn_nodes); ++i)
-        sema_infer(sema, vec_at(fn_nodes, i));
-    sema->current_aggregate_lang = saved_agg;
-
-    vec_free(fn_nodes);
-    return agg_lang;
 }
 
-static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
+static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_eval_decl(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_def_id_t def_id) {
+    spl_def_node_t *def = spl_def_node(sema->type, def_id);
+    if (!def)
+        return 0;
+
+    if (def->state == SPL_DECL_RESOLVED || def->state == SPL_DECL_ERROR)
+        return def->lang_id;
+
+    if (def->lang_id != 0) {
+        def->state = SPL_DECL_RESOLVED;
+        return def->lang_id;
+    }
+
+    if (def->state == SPL_DECL_RESOLVING) {
+        SPL_ERROR(&def->dbg_node, "circular dependency on `%s`", def->name ? def->name : "?");
+        sema->error_count++;
+        def->state = SPL_DECL_ERROR;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    def->state = SPL_DECL_RESOLVING;
+
+    spl_ast_node_t *n = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, def->ast_node_ref);
+    spl_lang_type_id_t result = 0;
+
+    if (n) {
+        switch (n->kind) {
+        case SPL_AST_TYPE_DECL: {
+            if (n->type_decl.type_expr) {
+                spl_ast_node_t *te = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->type_decl.type_expr);
+                if (te && te->kind == SPL_AST_TYPE_AGGREGATE)
+                    result = sema_build_aggregate(sema, te, def_id);
+                else
+                    result = sema_infer(sema, n->type_decl.type_expr);
+            }
+            n->resolved_lang_tid = result;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SPL_AST_FN_DECL: {
+            spl_lang_type_id_t saved_agg = sema->current_aggregate_lang;
+            if (def->owner_def) {
+                spl_def_node_t *owner = spl_def_node(sema->type, def->owner_def);
+                if (owner && owner->lang_id != 0)
+                    sema->current_aggregate_lang = owner->lang_id;
+            }
+            result = sema_infer_fn_signature(sema, n);
+            sema->current_aggregate_lang = saved_agg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SPL_AST_VAR_DECL:
+        case SPL_AST_CONST_DECL: {
+            if (n->var_const_decl.type)
+                result = sema_infer(sema, n->var_const_decl.type);
+            else if (n->var_const_decl.init_expr)
+                result = sema_infer(sema, n->var_const_decl.init_expr);
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    spl_def_node_t *final_def = spl_def_node(sema->type, def_id);
+    if (final_def) {
+        final_def->lang_id = result;
+        final_def->state = result ? SPL_DECL_RESOLVED : SPL_DECL_ERROR;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void sema_collect_names(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
     spl_ast_node_t *n = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, ref);
     if (!n)
         return;
@@ -303,7 +393,7 @@ static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, mod_scope, file_sym);
 
         for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->container_members.declarations); ++i) {
-            sema_collect(sema, vec_at(n->container_members.declarations, i));
+            sema_collect_names(sema, vec_at(n->container_members.declarations, i));
         }
 
         /* 故意不恢复 current_scope
@@ -351,7 +441,7 @@ static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
     }
     case SPL_AST_TOP_LEVEL_BLOCK:
         if (n->top_level_block.block) {
-            sema_collect(sema, n->top_level_block.block);
+            sema_collect_names(sema, n->top_level_block.block);
         }
         break;
     default:
@@ -359,6 +449,43 @@ static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
     }
 }
 
+static void sema_collect_types(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
+    spl_ast_node_t *n = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, ref);
+    if (!n)
+        return;
+    switch (n->kind) {
+    case SPL_AST_CONTAINER_MEMBERS:
+        for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->container_members.declarations); ++i) {
+            spl_ast_node_ref_t dref = vec_at(n->container_members.declarations, i);
+            spl_ast_node_t *d = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, dref);
+            if (d && d->kind == SPL_AST_TYPE_DECL && d->resolved_def_id)
+                sema_eval_decl(sema, d->resolved_def_id);
+        }
+        break;
+    case SPL_AST_TOP_LEVEL_BLOCK:
+        if (n->top_level_block.block)
+            sema_collect_types(sema, n->top_level_block.block);
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void sema_collect_signatures(spl_sema_t *sema) {
+    usize n = vec_size(sema->type->def_table);
+    for (usize i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
+        spl_def_node_t *d = &vec_at(sema->type->def_table, i);
+        if (d->kind == SPL_DEF_FN && d->state == SPL_DECL_UNRESOLVED)
+            sema_eval_decl(sema, i);
+    }
+}
+
+static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
+    sema_collect_names(sema, ref);
+    sema_collect_types(sema, ref);
+    sema_collect_signatures(sema);
+}
+
 static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_intrin_call(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_t *n, spl_intrin_t in,
                                            spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t *args) {
     const spl_intrin_info_t *info = spl_intrin_info(in);
@@ -502,6 +629,28 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_check(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref,
         break; /* 非数组 expected：退回通用逻辑 */
     }
 
+    case SPL_AST_EXPR_TUPLE: {
+        spl_lang_type_node_t *en = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, expected);
+        if (en && en->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_TUPLE) {
+            usize nelems = vec_size(n->tuple.elems);
+            usize ntypes = vec_size(en->extra.elems);
+            if (nelems != ntypes) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "tuple arity mismatch (expected %zu, got %zu)", ntypes, nelems);
+                sema->error_count++;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            for (usize i = 0; i < nelems; ++i) {
+                spl_lang_type_id_t et = vec_at(en->extra.elems, i);
+                if (!sema_check(sema, vec_at(n->tuple.elems, i), et))
+                    return 0;
+            }
+            n->resolved_lang_tid = expected;
+            n->expected_lang_tid = 0;
+            return expected;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_AGGREGATE_LIT: {
         spl_lang_type_node_t *en = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, expected);
         if (!en || (en->kind != SPL_LANG_TYPE_STRUCT && en->kind != SPL_LANG_TYPE_UNION &&
@@ -582,8 +731,8 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_check(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref,
                 continue;
             }
             seen[idx] = true;
-            spl_type_member_t *m = &vec_at(irn->agg_type.variants, idx);
+            usize field_tid_ir = vec_at(irn->agg_type.variants, idx).type_id;
-            spl_lang_type_id_t ft = sema_lang_from_ir(sema, m->type_id);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t ft = sema_lang_from_ir(sema, field_tid_ir);
             if (!ft)
                 continue;
             if (!item->struct_init_item.expr) {
@@ -741,14 +890,9 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
             return 0;
         }
         n->resolved_def_id = sym.node;
-        spl_def_node_t *def = spl_def_node(sema->type, sym.node);
+        spl_lang_type_id_t t = sema_eval_decl(sema, sym.node);
-        if (!def) {
+        n->resolved_lang_tid = t;
-            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "definition for `%s` not found", name);
+        return t;
-            sema->error_count++;
-            return 0;
-        }
-        n->resolved_lang_tid = def->lang_id;
-        return def->lang_id;
     }
 
     /* ---------- UNARY ---------- */
@@ -955,7 +1099,8 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
 
         /* 固定参数：check 到形参类型 */
         for (usize i = 0; i < nargs && i < fixed; ++i) {
-            spl_lang_type_id_t pt = vec_at(fn->extra.fn.params, i);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t pt =
+                vec_at(spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, callee_tid)->extra.fn.params, i);
             sema_check(sema, vec_at(n->call.args, i), pt);
         }
         /* varargs：默认提升到 isize */
@@ -1008,15 +1153,13 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
 
         for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(agg->methods); ++i) {
-            spl_lang_method_t *meth = &vec_at(agg->methods, i);
+            spl_lang_method_t meth = vec_at(agg->methods, i);
-            if (strcmp(meth->name, n->field.field) != 0)
+            if (strcmp(meth.name, n->field.field) != 0)
                 continue;
-            spl_def_node_t *fd = spl_def_node(sema->type, meth->def_id);
+            n->resolved_def_id = meth.def_id;
-            if (!fd)
+            spl_lang_type_id_t t = sema_eval_decl(sema, meth.def_id);
-                return 0;
+            n->resolved_lang_tid = t;
-            n->resolved_def_id = meth->def_id;
+            return t;
-            n->resolved_lang_tid = fd->lang_id;
-            return fd->lang_id;
         }
 
         SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "no field `%s`", n->field.field);
@@ -1039,10 +1182,22 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         case SPL_LANG_TYPE_PTR:
             elem = obj->extra.elem;
             break;
-        case SPL_LANG_TYPE_TUPLE:
+        case SPL_LANG_TYPE_TUPLE: {
-            if (vec_size(obj->extra.elems) > 0)
+            spl_ast_node_t *idx_node = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->index.index);
-                elem = vec_at(obj->extra.elems, 0);
+            if (!idx_node || idx_node->kind != SPL_AST_EXPR_INT_LIT) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "tuple index must be an integer literal");
+                sema->error_count++;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            isize i = idx_node->int_lit.val;
+            if (i < 0 || (usize)i >= vec_size(obj->extra.elems)) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "tuple index out of range");
+                sema->error_count++;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            elem = vec_at(obj->extra.elems, (usize)i);
             break;
+        }
         default:
             SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "index base must be array/slice/ptr/range/tuple");
             sema->error_count++;
@@ -1183,8 +1338,8 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
                     sema->error_count++;
                     continue;
                 }
-                spl_type_member_t *m = &vec_at(irn->agg_type.variants, idx);
+                usize field_tid_ir = vec_at(irn->agg_type.variants, idx).type_id;
-                spl_lang_type_id_t ft = sema_lang_from_ir(sema, m->type_id);
+                spl_lang_type_id_t ft = sema_lang_from_ir(sema, field_tid_ir);
                 if (ft && item->struct_init_item.expr)
                     sema_check(sema, item->struct_init_item.expr, ft);
             }
@@ -1245,20 +1400,48 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         return 0;
     }
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_WHILE: {
+        const char *lbl = NULL;
+        if (n->while_expr.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->while_expr.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                lbl = ln->label.name;
+        }
+        vec_push(sema->label_stack, lbl);
+
         spl_lang_type_id_t bt = spl_lang_make_bool(sema->type);
         sema_check(sema, n->while_expr.cond, bt);
         if (n->while_expr.body)
             sema_infer(sema, n->while_expr.body);
         if (n->while_expr.else_branch)
             sema_infer(sema, n->while_expr.else_branch);
+
+        vec_pop(sema->label_stack);
         return 0;
     }
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_LOOP: {
+        const char *lbl = NULL;
+        if (n->loop_expr.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->loop_expr.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                lbl = ln->label.name;
+        }
+        vec_push(sema->label_stack, lbl);
+
         if (n->loop_expr.body)
             sema_infer(sema, n->loop_expr.body);
+
+        vec_pop(sema->label_stack);
         return 0;
     }
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_FOR: {
+        const char *lbl = NULL;
+        if (n->for_expr.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->for_expr.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                lbl = ln->label.name;
+        }
+        vec_push(sema->label_stack, lbl);
+
         sema_push_scope(sema);
         for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->for_expr.iter_exprs); ++i) {
             spl_lang_type_id_t container_tid = sema_infer(sema, vec_at(n->for_expr.iter_exprs, i));
@@ -1284,6 +1467,8 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         if (n->for_expr.else_branch)
             sema_infer(sema, n->for_expr.else_branch);
         sema_pop_scope(sema);
+
+        vec_pop(sema->label_stack);
         return 0;
     }
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_MATCH: {
@@ -1326,11 +1511,9 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
             sema->error_count++;
             return 0;
         }
-        spl_def_node_t *def = spl_def_node(sema->type, sym.node);
+        spl_lang_type_id_t t = sema_eval_decl(sema, sym.node);
-        if (!def || !def->lang_id)
+        n->resolved_lang_tid = t;
-            return 0;
+        return t;
-        n->resolved_lang_tid = def->lang_id;
-        return def->lang_id;
     }
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_POINTER: {
         spl_lang_type_id_t p = sema_infer(sema, n->type_pointer.pointee);
@@ -1386,7 +1569,7 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         return t;
     }
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_AGGREGATE:
-        return sema_build_aggregate(sema, n);
+        return sema_build_aggregate(sema, n, 0);
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_COMPTIME_CALL: {
         const char *name = n->type_comptime_call.name;
         if (name && strcmp(name, "self") == 0) {
@@ -1411,62 +1594,79 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         if (n->resolved_def_id == 0)
             Panic("fn `%s` not collected", n->fn_decl.name);
 
-        spl_lang_type_id_vec_t param_types;
+        spl_def_node_t *def = spl_def_node(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
-        vec_init(param_types);
+        if (!def)
+            return 0;
+
+        spl_def_id_t owner_def_id = def->owner_def;
+        spl_lang_type_id_t fn_tid = def->lang_id;
+        if (fn_tid == 0)
+            fn_tid = sema_eval_decl(sema, n->resolved_def_id);
+        spl_lang_type_node_t *fn_ln = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, fn_tid);
+        if (!fn_ln || fn_ln->kind != SPL_LANG_TYPE_FN)
+            return 0;
+        spl_lang_type_id_t ret_tid = fn_ln->extra.fn.ret;
+
+        if (!n->fn_decl.body)
+            return fn_tid;
+
+        spl_lang_type_id_t saved_agg = sema->current_aggregate_lang;
+        if (owner_def_id) {
+            spl_def_node_t *owner = spl_def_node(sema->type, owner_def_id);
+            if (owner && owner->lang_id != 0)
+                sema->current_aggregate_lang = owner->lang_id;
+        }
+
+        sema_push_scope(sema);
         for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->fn_decl.params); ++i) {
             spl_ast_node_t *pd = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, vec_at(n->fn_decl.params, i));
-            if (pd && pd->kind == SPL_AST_PARAM_DECL && pd->param_decl.type_expr)
+            if (pd && pd->kind == SPL_AST_PARAM_DECL) {
-                vec_push(param_types, sema_infer(sema, pd->param_decl.type_expr));
+                spl_symbol_t psym = {.name = pd->param_decl.name, .kind = SPL_SYMBOL_KIND_VAR};
-            else
+                psym.node = spl_def_alloc(sema->type, SPL_DEF_VAR, psym.name, pd->dbg,
-                vec_push(param_types, spl_lang_make_varargs(sema->type));
+                                          vec_at(n->fn_decl.params, i));
-        }
+                spl_lang_type_id_t p_tid = sema_infer(sema, pd->param_decl.type_expr);
-        spl_lang_type_id_t ret_tid = sema_infer(sema, n->fn_decl.ret_type);
+                spl_def_node_t *pdef = spl_def_node(sema->type, psym.node);
-        if (ret_tid == 0)
+                if (pdef) {
-            ret_tid = spl_lang_make_unit(sema->type);
+                    pdef->lang_id = p_tid;
-        spl_lang_type_id_t fn_tid = spl_lang_make_fn(
+                    pdef->state = p_tid ? SPL_DECL_RESOLVED : SPL_DECL_ERROR;
-            sema->type, ret_tid, vec_unsafe_get_data(param_types), vec_size(param_types));
-        vec_free(param_types);
-        spl_def_resolve(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id, fn_tid);
-
-        if (n->fn_decl.body) {
-            sema_push_scope(sema);
-            for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->fn_decl.params); ++i) {
-                spl_ast_node_t *pd = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, vec_at(n->fn_decl.params, i));
-                if (pd && pd->kind == SPL_AST_PARAM_DECL) {
-                    spl_symbol_t psym = {.name = pd->param_decl.name, .kind = SPL_SYMBOL_KIND_VAR};
-                    psym.node = spl_def_alloc(sema->type, SPL_DEF_VAR, psym.name, pd->dbg,
-                                              vec_at(n->fn_decl.params, i));
-                    spl_lang_type_id_t p_tid = sema_infer(sema, pd->param_decl.type_expr);
-                    spl_def_resolve(sema->type, psym.node, p_tid);
-                    pd->resolved_def_id = psym.node;
-                    spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, sema->scope->current_scope, psym);
                 }
+                pd->resolved_def_id = psym.node;
+                spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, sema->scope->current_scope, psym);
             }
-            spl_lang_type_id_t old_ret = sema->current_fn_ret_tid;
-            sema->current_fn_ret_tid = ret_tid;
-            sema_infer(sema, n->fn_decl.body);
-            sema->current_fn_ret_tid = old_ret;
-            sema_pop_scope(sema);
         }
+        spl_lang_type_id_t old_ret = sema->current_fn_ret_tid;
+        sema->current_fn_ret_tid = ret_tid;
+        sema_infer(sema, n->fn_decl.body);
+        sema->current_fn_ret_tid = old_ret;
+        sema_pop_scope(sema);
+
+        sema->current_aggregate_lang = saved_agg;
         return fn_tid;
     }
 
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_DECL: {
         if (!n->type_decl.type_expr)
             break;
-        spl_ast_node_t *te = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->type_decl.type_expr);
+        spl_def_node_t *def =
-        if (!te)
+            n->resolved_def_id ? spl_def_node(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id) : NULL;
+        if (!def)
             break;
-        if (te->kind == SPL_AST_TYPE_AGGREGATE) {
+        spl_lang_type_id_t lang = def->lang_id;
-            spl_lang_type_id_t agg_lang = sema_build_aggregate(sema, te);
+        if (lang == 0)
-            spl_def_resolve(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id, agg_lang);
+            lang = sema_eval_decl(sema, n->resolved_def_id);
-            n->resolved_lang_tid = agg_lang;
+        if (lang == 0)
-        } else {
+            break;
-            spl_lang_type_id_t tid = sema_infer(sema, n->type_decl.type_expr);
+
-            spl_def_resolve(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id, tid);
+        spl_ast_node_t *te = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->type_decl.type_expr);
-            n->resolved_lang_tid = tid;
+        if (te && te->kind == SPL_AST_TYPE_AGGREGATE) {
+            for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(te->type_aggregate.members); ++i) {
+                spl_ast_node_ref_t mref = vec_at(te->type_aggregate.members, i);
+                spl_ast_node_t *mn = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, mref);
+                if (mn && mn->kind == SPL_AST_FN_DECL)
+                    sema_infer(sema, mref);
+            }
         }
-        break;
+        return lang;
     }
 
     /* ---------- VAR / CONST ---------- */
@@ -1541,9 +1741,64 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_infer(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
         return 0;
     }
-    case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_BREAK:
+    case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_BREAK: {
-    case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
+        const char *lbl = NULL;
+        if (n->statement_break.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->statement_break.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                lbl = ln->label.name;
+        }
+        if (vec_size(sema->label_stack) == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "`break` outside of loop");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (lbl) {
+            bool found = false;
+            for (usize i = vec_size(sema->label_stack); i > 0; --i) {
+                const char *cur = vec_at(sema->label_stack, i - 1);
+                if (cur && strcmp(cur, lbl) == 0) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "undefined label `$%s`", lbl);
+                sema->error_count++;
+            }
+        }
+        if (n->statement_break.expr)
+            sema_infer(sema, n->statement_break.expr);
         return 0;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_CONTINUE: {
+        const char *lbl = NULL;
+        if (n->statement_continue.label) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->statement_continue.label);
+            if (ln && ln->kind == SPL_AST_LABEL)
+                lbl = ln->label.name;
+        }
+        if (vec_size(sema->label_stack) == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "`continue` outside of loop");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (lbl) {
+            bool found = false;
+            for (usize i = vec_size(sema->label_stack); i > 0; --i) {
+                const char *cur = vec_at(sema->label_stack, i - 1);
+                if (cur && strcmp(cur, lbl) == 0) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "undefined label `$%s`", lbl);
+                sema->error_count++;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_DEFER:
         if (n->statement_defer.body)
             sema_infer(sema, n->statement_defer.body);
@@ -1580,12 +1835,14 @@ void spl_sema_init(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_t *ast, spl_type_t *type, spl_scope
     sema->scope = scope;
     sema->error_count = 0;
     sema->current_fn_ret_tid = 0;
+    sema->current_aggregate_lang = 0;
     sema->attr = attr;
     sema->root = (spl_symbol_t){0};
     sema->store_scope = 0;
+    vec_init(sema->label_stack);
 }
 
-void spl_sema_drop(spl_sema_t *sema) { (void)sema; }
+void spl_sema_drop(spl_sema_t *sema) { vec_free(sema->label_stack); }
 
 void spl_sema_run_module(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t module_ref) {
     if (!sema->ast || !module_ref)
@@ -1595,8 +1852,6 @@ void spl_sema_run_module(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t module_ref) {
         return;
     spl_scope_id_t saved = sema->scope->current_scope;
     sema_collect(sema, module_ref);
-    fprintf(stderr, "after collect: current=%zu root=%zu\n", sema->scope->current_scope,
-            sema->scope->root_scope);
     sema_infer(sema, module_ref);
     sema->scope->current_scope = saved;
 }
@@ -1604,11 +1859,9 @@ void spl_sema_run_module(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t module_ref) {
 void spl_sema_run(spl_sema_t *sema) {
     if (!sema->ast || !sema->ast->root)
         return;
-
     spl_ast_node_t *root = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, sema->ast->root);
     if (!root || root->kind != SPL_AST_ROOT)
         return;
-
     spl_sema_run_module(sema, root->root.members);
 }
 

stage1/spl_sema.h

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ typedef struct {
     spl_attr_t *attr;
     spl_lang_type_id_t current_aggregate_lang;
     spl_lang_type_id_t current_fn_ret_tid;
+    spl_symbol_path_t label_stack;
 } spl_sema_t;
 
 void spl_sema_init(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_t *ast, spl_type_t *type, spl_scope_t *scope,

stage1/spl_type.c

@@ -495,6 +495,8 @@ spl_def_id_t spl_def_alloc(spl_type_t *type, spl_def_node_kind_t kind, const cha
     n.dbg_node = dbg;
     n.lang_id = 0;
     n.ast_node_ref = ast_node_ref;
+    n.state = SPL_DECL_UNRESOLVED;
+    n.owner_def = 0;
     vec_push(type->def_table, n);
     return vec_size(type->def_table) - 1;
 }
@@ -1091,17 +1093,7 @@ void spl_type_def_dump(spl_type_t *type, spl_def_id_t id) {
         def_kind_name = "agg";
         break;
     case SPL_DEF_BUILTIN:
-        switch (node->builtin_kind) {
+        def_kind_name = "builtin";
-        case SPL_BUILTIN_RANGE:
-            def_kind_name = "builtin.range";
-            break;
-        case SPL_BUILTIN_SLICE:
-            def_kind_name = "builtin.slice";
-            break;
-        default:
-            def_kind_name = "builtin";
-            break;
-        }
         break;
     case SPL_DEF_DISTINCT:
         def_kind_name = "distinct";

stage1/spl_type.h

@@ -138,17 +138,21 @@ typedef enum {
     SPL_DEF_BUILTIN,
 } spl_def_node_kind_t;
 
+typedef enum {
+    SPL_DECL_UNRESOLVED,
+    SPL_DECL_RESOLVING,
+    SPL_DECL_RESOLVED,
+    SPL_DECL_ERROR,
+} spl_decl_state_t;
+
 typedef struct {
     spl_def_node_kind_t kind;
-    enum {
-        SPL_BUILTIN_NONE,
-        SPL_BUILTIN_SLICE,
-        SPL_BUILTIN_RANGE,
-    } builtin_kind;
     const char *name;
     spl_dbg_node_t dbg_node;
     spl_lang_type_id_t lang_id;
     usize ast_node_ref;
+    spl_decl_state_t state;
+    spl_def_id_t owner_def;
 } spl_def_node_t;
 typedef VEC(spl_def_node_t) spl_def_node_vec_t;