stage1 重新实现ast2ir

stage1/spl_ast.c

@@ -1452,9 +1452,10 @@ static spl_ast_node_ref_t parse_primary(parser_t *p) {
                 return 0;
             }
             advance(p); // 消费 ']'
-            spl_ast_node_ref_t ref = new_node(p, SPL_AST_EXPR_ANON_ARRAY_LIT, t);
+            spl_ast_node_ref_t ref = new_node(p, SPL_AST_EXPR_ARRAY_LIT, t);
             spl_ast_node_t *arr = node_at(p->ast, ref);
-            arr->anon_array_literal.elems = elems;
+            arr->array_literal.elems = elems;
+            arr->array_literal.elem_type = 0;
             return ref;
         } else {
             SPL_FATAL(nx, "expected '{' or '[' after '.'");
@@ -2463,10 +2464,6 @@ static void dump_node(spl_ast_t *ast, spl_ast_node_ref_t node_ref, dump_stack_t
         dump_vec(ast, node->array_literal.elems, stack);
         break;
 
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_ANON_ARRAY_LIT:
-        dump_vec(ast, node->anon_array_literal.elems, stack);
-        break;
-
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_AGGREGATE_LIT:
 
         dump_vec(ast, node->aggregate_literal.fields, stack);

stage1/spl_ast.h

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
     X(SPL_AST_EXPR_CAST,            V0, cast)                         \
     X(SPL_AST_EXPR_TUPLE,           V0, tuple)                        \
     X(SPL_AST_EXPR_ARRAY_LIT,       V0, array_literal)                \
-    X(SPL_AST_EXPR_ANON_ARRAY_LIT,  V0, anon_array_literal)           \
     X(SPL_AST_EXPR_AGGREGATE_LIT,   V0, aggregate_literal)            \
     X(SPL_AST_EXPR_COMPTIME_CALL,   V0, comptime_call)                \
     X(SPL_AST_EXPR_BLOCK,           V0, block)                        \
@@ -151,11 +150,8 @@ typedef VEC(spl_ast_node_ref_t) spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t;
 struct spl_ast_node {
     spl_ast_node_kind_t kind;
     spl_dbg_node_t dbg;
-
-    union {
     usize resolved_def_id;
     usize resolved_type_id;
-    };
 
     union {
         /* SPL_AST_ROOT */
@@ -356,16 +352,12 @@ struct spl_ast_node {
             bool has_len;
             usize len;
             bool is_underscore_len;
-            spl_ast_node_ref_t elem_type;
+            spl_ast_node_ref_t elem_type; /* 可空 匿名时为 NULL */
             spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t elems;
         } array_literal;
 
         struct {
-            spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t elems;
-        } anon_array_literal;
-
-        struct {
-            const char *name;              /* 可空，匿名时为 NULL */
+            const char *name;              /* 可空 匿名时为 NULL */
             spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t fields; /* struct_init_item 节点列表 */
         } aggregate_literal;
 

stage1/spl_ast2ir.h

@@ -5,10 +5,22 @@
 #include "spl_sema.h"
 
 typedef MAP(spl_def_id_t, spl_ir_node_ref_t) spl_def2ir_map_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    usize cont_blk;
+    usize brk_blk;
+    spl_ir_node_ref_vec_t breaks;
+} spl_loop_ctx_t;
+typedef VEC(spl_loop_ctx_t) spl_loop_ctx_vec_t;
+
+typedef VEC(spl_ast_node_ref_t) spl_defer_stack_t;
+
 typedef struct {
     const spl_sema_t *sema;
     spl_ir_builder_t *ir;
     spl_def2ir_map_t def2ir_map;
+    spl_loop_ctx_vec_t loop_stack;
+    spl_defer_stack_t defer_stack;
     int err_count;
 } spl_ast2ir_t;
 

stage1/spl_ir.c

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ static void ir_dump_node(const spl_type_t *ty, spl_ir_node_t *n) {
             printf(" float=%f", n->type_const.float_lit);
         } else if (t && t->kind == SPL_TYPE_FN) {
             printf(" fn#%zu", n->type_const.fn);
-        } else if (t && t->kind == SPL_TYPE_SLICE) {
+        } else if (t && t->kind == SPL_TYPE_PTR) {
             printf(" str=\"%s\"", n->type_const.cstr_lit ? n->type_const.cstr_lit : "?");
         } else if (t && t->kind == SPL_TYPE_INT && t->int_type.bits == 8) {
             printf(" char='%c'", n->type_const.ch_lit);

stage1/spl_sema.c

@@ -62,98 +62,6 @@ static inline void sema_pop_scope(spl_sema_t *sema) {
     sema->scope->current_scope = sema->store_scope;
 }
 
-static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_coerce(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_lang_type_id_t to,
-                                      spl_lang_type_id_t from) {
-    if (to == 0 || from == 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    spl_lang_type_node_t *to_node = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, to);
-    if (!to_node)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (to_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INFER)
-        return from;
-
-    spl_lang_type_node_t *from_node = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, from);
-    if (!from_node)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (from_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT) {
-        spl_type_id_t from_ir = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(sema->type, from);
-        spl_type_node_t *from_ir_node = spl_type_node(sema->type, from_ir);
-        if (from_ir_node && from_ir_node->int_type.bits == 0 && to_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT)
-            return to;
-    }
-    if (from_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT) {
-        spl_type_id_t from_ir = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(sema->type, from);
-        spl_type_node_t *from_ir_node = spl_type_node(sema->type, from_ir);
-        if (from_ir_node && from_ir_node->float_type.bits == 0 &&
-            to_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT)
-            return to;
-    }
-
-    if (to_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY && from_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-        spl_lang_type_id_t to_elem = to_node->extra.elem;
-        spl_lang_type_id_t from_elem = from_node->extra.elem;
-        if (sema_coerce(sema, to_elem, from_elem) != 0)
-            return to;
-    }
-
-    if (spl_lang_type_is_subtype(sema->type, from, to))
-        return to;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_coerce_balance(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_lang_type_id_t t1,
-                                              spl_lang_type_id_t t2) {
-    if (t1 == 0 || t2 == 0)
-        return 0;
-    if (t1 == t2)
-        return t1;
-
-    spl_lang_type_node_t *n1 = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, t1);
-    spl_lang_type_node_t *n2 = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, t2);
-    if (!n1 || !n2)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (n1->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ANY || n2->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ANY)
-        return spl_lang_make_any(sema->type);
-    if (n1->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_NEVER)
-        return t2;
-    if (n2->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_NEVER)
-        return t1;
-
-    if (spl_lang_type_is_subtype(sema->type, t1, t2))
-        return t2;
-    if (spl_lang_type_is_subtype(sema->type, t2, t1))
-        return t1;
-
-    if (n1->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT && n2->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT) {
-        // 如果一个是另一个的子类型，直接返回父类型（已在前面通用检查中处理）
-        // 否则符号不同且无法安全提升，返回 0
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (n1->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT && n2->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT) {
-        spl_type_id_t ir1 = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(sema->type, t1);
-        spl_type_id_t ir2 = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(sema->type, t2);
-        spl_type_node_t *irn1 = spl_type_node(sema->type, ir1);
-        spl_type_node_t *irn2 = spl_type_node(sema->type, ir2);
-        if (irn1 && irn2) {
-            usize bits = irn1->float_type.bits > irn2->float_type.bits ? irn1->float_type.bits
-                                                                       : irn2->float_type.bits;
-            return spl_lang_make_float(sema->type, bits);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static bool sema_coerce_for_bool(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_lang_type_id_t from) {
-    spl_lang_type_id_t bool_tid = spl_lang_make_bool(sema->type);
-    return sema_coerce(sema, bool_tid, from) == bool_tid;
-}
-
 static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_for_elem_type(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_lang_type_id_t lang_tid) {
     spl_lang_type_node_t *n = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, lang_tid);
     if (!n)
@@ -176,18 +84,29 @@ static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
 
     switch (n->kind) {
     case SPL_AST_CONTAINER_MEMBERS: {
+        /* root_scope 只在第一次创建，后续 module 复用 */
+        if (sema->scope->root_scope == 0) {
+            spl_scope_id_t root = spl_scope_alloc(sema->scope);
+            sema->scope->root_scope = root;
+        }
+
+        /* 进入 root_scope，再为当前 module 开一个子 scope */
+        sema->scope->current_scope = sema->scope->root_scope;
+        spl_scope_id_t mod_scope = spl_scope_alloc(sema->scope);
+        sema->scope->current_scope = mod_scope;
+
         spl_symbol_t file_sym = {.name = "$file", .kind = SPL_SYMBOL_KIND_TYPE};
         file_sym.node = spl_def_alloc(sema->type, SPL_DEF_AGG, "$file", n->dbg, ref);
         n->resolved_def_id = file_sym.node;
-
-        spl_scope_id_t root_scope = spl_scope_alloc(sema->scope);
-        sema->scope->current_scope = root_scope;
-        sema->scope->root_scope = root_scope;
-        spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, root_scope, file_sym);
+        spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, mod_scope, file_sym);
 
         for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->container_members.declarations); ++i) {
             sema_collect(sema, vec_at(n->container_members.declarations, i));
         }
+
+        /* 故意不恢复 current_scope
+           保持 mod_scope 交给随后的 sema_parse 使用。
+           恢复由 spl_sema_run_module 统一负责 */
         break;
     }
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_DECL: {
@@ -417,15 +336,19 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
             return 0;
         }
 
+        spl_ast_node_t *init_node = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->var_const_decl.init_expr);
         spl_lang_type_id_t init_tid = sema_parse(sema, n->var_const_decl.init_expr);
-        decl_tid = sema_coerce(sema, decl_tid, init_tid);
-        if (decl_tid == 0) {
-            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "cannot infer type for variable `%s`", name);
+        spl_lang_type_id_t coerce_result = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, decl_tid, init_tid);
+        if (coerce_result == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "cannot coerce initializer to declared type");
             sema->error_count++;
             return 0;
         }
+        init_node->resolved_type_id = coerce_result;
+        decl_tid = coerce_result;
+
         spl_def_resolve(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id, decl_tid);
-        n->resolved_type_id = decl_tid; // 存储 lang_id
+        n->resolved_type_id = decl_tid;
         return decl_tid;
     }
 
@@ -500,6 +423,7 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
             sema->error_count++;
             return 0;
         }
+        n->resolved_type_id = def->lang_id;
         return def->lang_id;
     }
 
@@ -556,14 +480,18 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         spl_binary_op_t op = n->binary.op;
 
         switch (op) {
-        case SPL_OP_ASSIGN:
-            if (sema_coerce(sema, lt, rt) == 0) {
+        case SPL_OP_ASSIGN: {
+            spl_ast_node_t *rhs = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->binary.right);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t r = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, lt, rt);
+            if (r == 0) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "assignment type mismatch");
                 sema->error_count++;
                 return 0;
             }
+            rhs->resolved_type_id = r;
             n->resolved_type_id = lt;
             return lt;
+        }
 
         case SPL_OP_ASSIGN_ADD:
         case SPL_OP_ASSIGN_SUB:
@@ -575,12 +503,20 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         case SPL_OP_ASSIGN_XOR:
         case SPL_OP_ASSIGN_LSHIFT:
         case SPL_OP_ASSIGN_RSHIFT: {
-            spl_lang_type_id_t balanced = sema_coerce_balance(sema, lt, rt);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t balanced = spl_lang_type_balance(sema->type, lt, rt);
             if (balanced == 0 || balanced != lt) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "compound assignment type mismatch");
                 sema->error_count++;
                 return 0;
             }
+            spl_ast_node_t *rhs = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->binary.right);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t r = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, lt, rt);
+            if (r == 0) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "compound assignment right type mismatch");
+                sema->error_count++;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            rhs->resolved_type_id = r;
             n->resolved_type_id = lt;
             return lt;
         }
@@ -602,13 +538,22 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         case SPL_OP_BIT_OR:
         case SPL_OP_BIT_XOR:
         case SPL_OP_BIT_AND: {
-            spl_lang_type_id_t bal = sema_coerce_balance(sema, lt, rt);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t bal = spl_lang_type_balance(sema->type, lt, rt);
             spl_lang_type_node_t *bn = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, bal);
             if (!bn || bn->kind != SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "bitwise operands must be integers");
                 sema->error_count++;
                 return 0;
             }
+            /* 两边都 coerce 到 bal */
+            if (lt != bal) {
+                spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->binary.left);
+                ln->resolved_type_id = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, bal, lt);
+            }
+            if (rt != bal) {
+                spl_ast_node_t *rn = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->binary.right);
+                rn->resolved_type_id = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, bal, rt);
+            }
             n->resolved_type_id = bal;
             return bal;
         }
@@ -619,13 +564,12 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         case SPL_OP_CMP_GE:
         case SPL_OP_CMP_LT:
         case SPL_OP_CMP_GT: {
-            // FIXME 不一定合理
             spl_lang_type_node_t *ln = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, lt);
             spl_lang_type_node_t *rn = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, rt);
             bool numeric =
                 (ln && (ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT || ln->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT)) &&
                 (rn && (rn->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT || rn->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT));
-            if (!numeric && sema_coerce_balance(sema, lt, rt) == 0) {
+            if (!numeric && spl_lang_type_balance(sema->type, lt, rt) == 0) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "comparison operands type mismatch");
                 sema->error_count++;
                 return 0;
@@ -653,13 +597,21 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         case SPL_OP_MUL:
         case SPL_OP_DIV:
         case SPL_OP_MOD: {
-            spl_lang_type_id_t bal = sema_coerce_balance(sema, lt, rt);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t bal = spl_lang_type_balance(sema->type, lt, rt);
             spl_lang_type_node_t *bn = spl_lang_type_node(sema->type, bal);
             if (!bn || (bn->kind != SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT && bn->kind != SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "arithmetic operands type mismatch");
                 sema->error_count++;
                 return 0;
             }
+            if (lt != bal) {
+                spl_ast_node_t *ln = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->binary.left);
+                ln->resolved_type_id = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, bal, lt);
+            }
+            if (rt != bal) {
+                spl_ast_node_t *rn = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->binary.right);
+                rn->resolved_type_id = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, bal, rt);
+            }
             n->resolved_type_id = bal;
             return bal;
         }
@@ -699,35 +651,41 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
 
         if (has_varargs) {
-            // 可变参数函数：实参数量至少等于固定参数数量
             if (vec_size(n->call.args) < fixed_param_count) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "too few arguments (expected at least %zu)", fixed_param_count);
                 sema->error_count++;
             } else {
-                // 检查固定参数部分
                 for (usize i = 0; i < fixed_param_count; ++i) {
-                    spl_lang_type_id_t arg_tid = sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->call.args, i));
+                    spl_ast_node_ref_t arg_ref = vec_at(n->call.args, i);
+                    spl_ast_node_t *arg_node = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, arg_ref);
+                    spl_lang_type_id_t arg_tid = sema_parse(sema, arg_ref);
                     spl_lang_type_id_t param_tid = vec_at(fn->extra.fn.params, i);
-                    if (sema_coerce(sema, param_tid, arg_tid) == 0) {
+                    spl_lang_type_id_t r = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, param_tid, arg_tid);
+                    if (r == 0) {
                         SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "argument %zu type mismatch", i + 1);
                         sema->error_count++;
+                    } else {
+                        arg_node->resolved_type_id = r;
                     }
                 }
-                // 额外参数不进行类型检查（或可扩展为元组类型检查）
             }
         } else {
-            // 非可变参数函数：实参数量必须严格匹配
             if (vec_size(n->call.args) != vec_size(fn->extra.fn.params)) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "argument count mismatch (expected %zu, got %zu)",
                           vec_size(fn->extra.fn.params), vec_size(n->call.args));
                 sema->error_count++;
             } else {
                 for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->call.args); ++i) {
-                    spl_lang_type_id_t arg_tid = sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->call.args, i));
+                    spl_ast_node_ref_t arg_ref = vec_at(n->call.args, i);
+                    spl_ast_node_t *arg_node = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, arg_ref);
+                    spl_lang_type_id_t arg_tid = sema_parse(sema, arg_ref);
                     spl_lang_type_id_t param_tid = vec_at(fn->extra.fn.params, i);
-                    if (sema_coerce(sema, param_tid, arg_tid) == 0) {
+                    spl_lang_type_id_t r = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, param_tid, arg_tid);
+                    if (r == 0) {
                         SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "argument %zu type mismatch", i + 1);
                         sema->error_count++;
+                    } else {
+                        arg_node->resolved_type_id = r;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -880,56 +838,68 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
     }
 
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_ARRAY_LIT: {
+        /* elem_type 可空：匿名 .[...] 时从元素推导 */
         spl_lang_type_id_t elem_tid = 0;
         if (n->array_literal.elem_type) {
             elem_tid = sema_parse(sema, n->array_literal.elem_type);
         }
+
         for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->array_literal.elems); ++i) {
-            spl_lang_type_id_t et = sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->array_literal.elems, i));
-            if (elem_tid == 0)
+            spl_ast_node_ref_t elem_ref = vec_at(n->array_literal.elems, i);
+            spl_ast_node_t *elem_node = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, elem_ref);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t et = sema_parse(sema, elem_ref);
+            if (elem_tid == 0) {
                 elem_tid = et;
-            else if (sema_coerce(sema, elem_tid, et) == 0) {
+            } else {
+                spl_lang_type_id_t r = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, elem_tid, et);
+                if (r == 0) {
                     SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "array element type mismatch");
                     sema->error_count++;
+                } else {
+                    elem_node->resolved_type_id = r;
                 }
             }
+        }
+
+        if (elem_tid == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "cannot infer array element type "
+                               "(empty literal without element type annotation)");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            return 0;
+        }
 
         usize len;
         if (n->array_literal.is_underscore_len) {
             len = vec_size(n->array_literal.elems);
-        } else {
-            len =
-                n->array_literal.has_len ? n->array_literal.len : vec_size(n->array_literal.elems);
-        }
-        spl_lang_type_id_t arr_tid = spl_lang_make_array(sema->type, elem_tid, len);
-        n->resolved_type_id = arr_tid;
-        return arr_tid;
-    }
-
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_ANON_ARRAY_LIT: {
-        spl_lang_type_id_t elem_tid = 0;
-        for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->anon_array_literal.elems); ++i) {
-            spl_lang_type_id_t et = sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->anon_array_literal.elems, i));
-            if (elem_tid == 0)
-                elem_tid = et;
-            else if (sema_coerce(sema, elem_tid, et) == 0) {
-                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "array element type mismatch");
+        } else if (n->array_literal.has_len) {
+            len = (usize)n->array_literal.len;
+            if (len != vec_size(n->array_literal.elems)) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "array literal length mismatch: declared %zu, got %zu", len,
+                          vec_size(n->array_literal.elems));
                 sema->error_count++;
             }
+        } else {
+            len = vec_size(n->array_literal.elems);
         }
-        usize len = vec_size(n->anon_array_literal.elems);
+
         spl_lang_type_id_t arr_tid = spl_lang_make_array(sema->type, elem_tid, len);
         n->resolved_type_id = arr_tid;
         return arr_tid;
     }
-
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_AGGREGATE_LIT: {
         const char *type_name = n->aggregate_literal.name;
+
+        /* 匿名 .{...}：需要类型上下文。
+           SEMA 当前为自底向上，尚无"预期类型"传播机制；
+           待上层注解散布到 init_expr 之前时启用。
+           结构上已统一，只需在这里读取 n->resolved_type_id 即可。 */
         if (!type_name) {
-            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "anonymous aggregate literal not supported yet");
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "anonymous aggregate literal requires expected type context "
+                               "(not yet supported)");
             sema->error_count++;
             return 0;
         }
+
         spl_symbol_t sym;
         if (!spl_scope_find(sema->scope, type_name, &sym)) {
             SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "unknown type `%s`", type_name);
@@ -952,23 +922,44 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
 
         spl_type_id_t agg_ir = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(sema->type, agg_lang);
+        spl_type_node_t *agg_ir_node = spl_type_node(sema->type, agg_ir);
+        if (!agg_ir_node) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "aggregate IR type `%s` not found", type_name);
+            sema->error_count++;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        usize total_fields = vec_size(agg_ir_node->agg_type.variants);
+
+        /* 记录每个字段是否被初始化，最后检查缺省 */
+        bool *seen = calloc(total_fields, sizeof(bool));
+        if (!seen) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "out of memory");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(n->aggregate_literal.fields); ++i) {
             spl_ast_node_t *item = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, vec_at(n->aggregate_literal.fields, i));
             if (!item || item->kind != SPL_AST_STRUCT_INIT_ITEM)
                 continue;
 
             const char *fname = item->struct_init_item.name;
-            spl_lang_type_id_t field_lang = 0;
-            if (item->struct_init_item.expr) {
-                field_lang = sema_parse(sema, item->struct_init_item.expr);
-            }
-            const spl_type_member_t *member = spl_type_agg_member(sema->type, agg_ir, fname);
-            if (!member) {
+            usize field_idx = 0;
+            if (!spl_type_agg_member_idx(sema->type, agg_ir, fname, &field_idx)) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&item->dbg, "no field `%s` in `%s`", fname, type_name);
                 sema->error_count++;
                 continue;
             }
-            // 映射到底层类型对应的语言级类型
+            if (seen[field_idx]) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&item->dbg, "duplicate field `%s` in `%s`", fname, type_name);
+                sema->error_count++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            seen[field_idx] = true;
+
+            const spl_type_member_t *member = &vec_at(agg_ir_node->agg_type.variants, field_idx);
+
+            /* 通过字段的 ir 类型反查 lang 类型 */
             spl_lang_type_id_t expected_lang = 0;
             for (usize j = 1; j < vec_size(sema->type->lang_table); ++j) {
                 spl_lang_type_node_t *ln = &vec_at(sema->type->lang_table, j);
@@ -978,15 +969,37 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
                 }
             }
             if (!expected_lang) {
-                SPL_ERROR(&item->dbg, "cannot resolve field type for `%s`", fname);
+                SPL_ERROR(&item->dbg, "cannot resolve lang type for field `%s`", fname);
                 sema->error_count++;
                 continue;
             }
-            if (sema_coerce(sema, expected_lang, field_lang) == 0) {
+
+            if (!item->struct_init_item.expr) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&item->dbg, "field `%s` requires an initializer", fname);
+                sema->error_count++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            spl_ast_node_t *fv = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, item->struct_init_item.expr);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t field_lang = sema_parse(sema, item->struct_init_item.expr);
+            spl_lang_type_id_t r = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, expected_lang, field_lang);
+            if (r == 0) {
                 SPL_ERROR(&item->dbg, "field `%s` type mismatch", fname);
                 sema->error_count++;
+            } else {
+                fv->resolved_type_id = r;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* 检查缺省字段 */
+        for (usize i = 0; i < total_fields; ++i) {
+            if (!seen[i]) {
+                const spl_type_member_t *m = &vec_at(agg_ir_node->agg_type.variants, i);
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "missing field `%s` in `%s`", m->name, type_name);
+                sema->error_count++;
             }
         }
+        free(seen);
 
         n->resolved_type_id = agg_lang;
         return agg_lang;
@@ -1007,15 +1020,43 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
 
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_IF: {
         spl_lang_type_id_t cond_tid = sema_parse(sema, n->if_expr.cond);
-        if (!sema_coerce_for_bool(sema, cond_tid)) {
+        spl_lang_type_id_t bool_tid = spl_lang_make_bool(sema->type);
+        if (spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, bool_tid, cond_tid) == 0) {
             SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "if condition must be bool");
             sema->error_count++;
         }
-        sema_parse(sema, n->if_expr.then_block);
-        if (n->if_expr.else_branch) {
-            sema_parse(sema, n->if_expr.else_branch);
+
+        spl_lang_type_id_t then_t =
+            n->if_expr.then_block ? sema_parse(sema, n->if_expr.then_block) : 0;
+        spl_lang_type_id_t else_t =
+            n->if_expr.else_branch ? sema_parse(sema, n->if_expr.else_branch) : 0;
+
+        spl_lang_type_id_t result_t = 0;
+        if (then_t && else_t) {
+            result_t = spl_lang_type_balance(sema->type, then_t, else_t);
+            if (result_t == 0) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "if branches type mismatch");
+                sema->error_count++;
+            } else {
+                if (then_t != result_t) {
+                    spl_ast_node_t *tn = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->if_expr.then_block);
+                    spl_lang_type_id_t r = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, result_t, then_t);
+                    if (r)
+                        tn->resolved_type_id = r;
                 }
-        return 0;
+                if (else_t != result_t) {
+                    spl_ast_node_t *en = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->if_expr.else_branch);
+                    spl_lang_type_id_t r = spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, result_t, else_t);
+                    if (r)
+                        en->resolved_type_id = r;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            result_t = then_t ? then_t : else_t;
+        }
+
+        n->resolved_type_id = result_t;
+        return result_t;
     }
 
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_IFVAR: {
@@ -1029,7 +1070,8 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
 
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_WHILE: {
         spl_lang_type_id_t cond_tid = sema_parse(sema, n->while_expr.cond);
-        if (!sema_coerce_for_bool(sema, cond_tid)) {
+        spl_lang_type_id_t bool_tid = spl_lang_make_bool(sema->type);
+        if (spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, bool_tid, cond_tid) == 0) {
             SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "while condition must be bool");
             sema->error_count++;
         }
@@ -1189,16 +1231,21 @@ static spl_lang_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
 
     case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_RET: {
         if (n->statement_ret.expr) {
+            spl_ast_node_t *en = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->statement_ret.expr);
             spl_lang_type_id_t ret_tid = sema_parse(sema, n->statement_ret.expr);
-            if (sema->current_fn_ret_tid != 0 &&
-                sema_coerce(sema, sema->current_fn_ret_tid, ret_tid) == 0) {
+            if (sema->current_fn_ret_tid != 0) {
+                spl_lang_type_id_t r =
+                    spl_lang_type_coerce_to(sema->type, sema->current_fn_ret_tid, ret_tid);
+                if (r == 0) {
                     SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "return type mismatch");
                     sema->error_count++;
+                } else {
+                    en->resolved_type_id = r;
+                }
             }
         }
         return 0;
     }
-
     case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_BREAK:
     case SPL_AST_STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
         return 0;
@@ -1245,6 +1292,22 @@ void spl_sema_init(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_t *ast, spl_type_t *type, spl_scope
 
 void spl_sema_drop(spl_sema_t *sema) { (void)sema; }
 
+void spl_sema_run_module(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t module_ref) {
+    if (!sema->ast || !module_ref)
+        return;
+    spl_ast_node_t *mod = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, module_ref);
+    if (!mod || mod->kind != SPL_AST_CONTAINER_MEMBERS)
+        return;
+
+    spl_scope_id_t saved = sema->scope->current_scope;
+
+    sema_collect(sema, module_ref);
+    /* 此时 current_scope == 该 module 的 mod_scope */
+    sema_parse(sema, module_ref);
+
+    sema->scope->current_scope = saved;
+}
+
 void spl_sema_run(spl_sema_t *sema) {
     if (!sema->ast || !sema->ast->root)
         return;
@@ -1253,8 +1316,7 @@ void spl_sema_run(spl_sema_t *sema) {
     if (!root || root->kind != SPL_AST_ROOT)
         return;
 
-    sema_collect(sema, root->root.members);
-    sema_parse(sema, root->root.members);
+    spl_sema_run_module(sema, root->root.members);
 }
 
 void spl_sema_dump(spl_sema_t *sema) {

stage1/spl_sema.h

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ typedef struct {
 void spl_sema_init(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_t *ast, spl_type_t *type, spl_scope_t *scope);
 void spl_sema_drop(spl_sema_t *sema);
 
+void spl_sema_run_module(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t module_ref);
 void spl_sema_run(spl_sema_t *sema);
 void spl_sema_dump(spl_sema_t *sema);
 

stage1/spl_type.c

@@ -363,6 +363,93 @@ bool spl_lang_type_is_subtype(const spl_type_t *type, spl_lang_type_id_t sub,
     return false;
 }
 
+spl_lang_type_id_t spl_lang_type_coerce_to(spl_type_t *type, spl_lang_type_id_t to,
+                                           spl_lang_type_id_t from) {
+    if (to == 0 || from == 0)
+        return 0;
+    if (to == from)
+        return to;
+
+    spl_lang_type_node_t *to_node = spl_lang_type_node(type, to);
+    if (!to_node)
+        return 0;
+
+    if (to_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INFER)
+        return from;
+
+    spl_lang_type_node_t *from_node = spl_lang_type_node(type, from);
+    if (!from_node)
+        return 0;
+
+    if (from_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT && to_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT) {
+        spl_type_id_t from_ir = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(type, from);
+        spl_type_node_t *from_ir_node = spl_type_node(type, from_ir);
+        if (from_ir_node && from_ir_node->int_type.bits == 0)
+            return to;
+    }
+
+    if (from_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT && to_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT) {
+        spl_type_id_t from_ir = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(type, from);
+        spl_type_node_t *from_ir_node = spl_type_node(type, from_ir);
+        if (from_ir_node && from_ir_node->float_type.bits == 0)
+            return to;
+    }
+
+    if (to_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY && from_node->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+        spl_lang_type_id_t to_elem = to_node->extra.elem;
+        spl_lang_type_id_t from_elem = from_node->extra.elem;
+        if (spl_lang_type_coerce_to(type, to_elem, from_elem) != 0)
+            return to;
+    }
+
+    if (spl_lang_type_is_subtype(type, from, to))
+        return to;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+spl_lang_type_id_t spl_lang_type_balance(spl_type_t *type, spl_lang_type_id_t t1,
+                                         spl_lang_type_id_t t2) {
+    if (t1 == 0 || t2 == 0)
+        return 0;
+    if (t1 == t2)
+        return t1;
+
+    spl_lang_type_node_t *n1 = spl_lang_type_node(type, t1);
+    spl_lang_type_node_t *n2 = spl_lang_type_node(type, t2);
+    if (!n1 || !n2)
+        return 0;
+
+    if (n1->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ANY || n2->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_ANY)
+        return spl_lang_make_any(type);
+    if (n1->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_NEVER)
+        return t2;
+    if (n2->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_NEVER)
+        return t1;
+
+    if (spl_lang_type_is_subtype(type, t1, t2))
+        return t2;
+    if (spl_lang_type_is_subtype(type, t2, t1))
+        return t1;
+
+    if (n1->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT && n2->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_INT)
+        return 0;
+
+    if (n1->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT && n2->kind == SPL_LANG_TYPE_FLOAT) {
+        spl_type_id_t ir1 = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(type, t1);
+        spl_type_id_t ir2 = spl_lang_type_get_ir_type(type, t2);
+        spl_type_node_t *irn1 = spl_type_node(type, ir1);
+        spl_type_node_t *irn2 = spl_type_node(type, ir2);
+        if (irn1 && irn2) {
+            usize bits = irn1->float_type.bits > irn2->float_type.bits ? irn1->float_type.bits
+                                                                       : irn2->float_type.bits;
+            return spl_lang_make_float(type, bits);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 spl_def_id_t spl_def_alloc(spl_type_t *type, spl_def_node_kind_t kind, const char *name,
                            spl_dbg_node_t dbg, usize ast_node_ref) {
     spl_def_node_t n = {0};
@@ -766,7 +853,6 @@ spl_lang_type_id_t spl_type_lookup_builtin(spl_type_t *type, const char *name) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-/* ========== 转储函数 ========== */
 void spl_type_pure_dump(spl_type_t *type, spl_type_id_t id) {
     spl_type_node_t *n = spl_type_node(type, id);
     if (!n) {

stage1/spl_type.h

@@ -169,6 +169,24 @@ bool spl_lang_type_is_subtype(const spl_type_t *type, spl_lang_type_id_t sub,
                               spl_lang_type_id_t super);
 bool spl_type_is_subtype(const spl_type_t *type, spl_type_id_t sub, spl_type_id_t super);
 
+/* 计算 from 是否可以隐式转换到 to。
+ * - to 是 INFER 时视为"接受任意 from"，返回 from。
+ * - 成功返回"转换后的类型"（正常是 to，INFER 时是 from）。
+ * - 失败返回 0。
+ * 纯函数：不修改任何 AST，不产生副作用。 */
+spl_lang_type_id_t spl_lang_type_coerce_to(spl_type_t *type, spl_lang_type_id_t to,
+                                           spl_lang_type_id_t from);
+
+/* 合并两个类型（用于 if 分支、算术运算的对称平衡）。
+ * - NEVER 与任意 T 平衡得到 T。
+ * - ANY 与任意 T 平衡得到 ANY。
+ * - 子类型与父类型平衡得到父类型。
+ * - 两个浮点取位宽较大者。
+ * - 两个整数不自动提升，除非一方是另一方的子类型。
+ * 无法合并返回 0。纯函数。 */
+spl_lang_type_id_t spl_lang_type_balance(spl_type_t *type, spl_lang_type_id_t t1,
+                                         spl_lang_type_id_t t2);
+
 spl_def_id_t spl_def_alloc(spl_type_t *type, spl_def_node_kind_t kind, const char *name,
                            spl_dbg_node_t dbg, usize ast_node_ref);
 void spl_def_resolve(spl_type_t *type, spl_def_id_t id, spl_lang_type_id_t lang_id);

stage1/splc0.c

@@ -111,23 +111,23 @@ static int compile_spl(const char *src, const char *fname, const char *outpath,
         return 0;
     }
 
-    // spl_ast2ir_t a2ir;
-    // spl_ir_builder_t ir_builder;
-    // spl_ir_builder_init(&ir_builder);
-    // spl_ast2ir_init(&a2ir, &ir_builder, &sema);
-    // spl_ast2ir_run(&a2ir);
-    // if (a2ir.err_count) {
-    //     printf("ast2ir errors=%d, no output\n", a2ir.err_count);
-    //     spl_ast2ir_drop(&a2ir);
-    //     spl_sema_drop(&sema);
-    //     spl_ast_drop(&ast);
-    //     return 1;
-    // }
-    // if (dump == DUMP_IR) {
-    //     spl_ir_dump(&ir_builder.ir, &type);
-    //     // memory leak
-    //     return 0;
-    // }
+    spl_ast2ir_t a2ir;
+    spl_ir_builder_t ir_builder;
+    spl_ir_builder_init(&ir_builder);
+    spl_ast2ir_init(&a2ir, &ir_builder, &sema);
+    spl_ast2ir_run(&a2ir);
+    if (a2ir.err_count) {
+        printf("ast2ir errors=%d, no output\n", a2ir.err_count);
+        spl_ast2ir_drop(&a2ir);
+        spl_sema_drop(&sema);
+        spl_ast_drop(&ast);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (dump == DUMP_IR) {
+        spl_ir_dump(&ir_builder.ir, &type);
+        // memory leak
+        return 0;
+    }
 
     // spl_ir2vm_t ir2vm;
     // spl_ir2vm_init(&ir2vm, &a2ir.ir->ir, sema.type);