From 0f40de43a1118bdd4ea224a40101bb369e00e897 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zzy <2450266535@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 19:51:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?stage1=20=E6=9B=B4=E5=A4=9A=E7=9A=84=E8=AF=AD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B9=89=E5=8F=8A=E5=85=B6=E9=99=84=E5=B1=9E=E5=9F=BA=E7=A1=80?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AE=BE=E6=96=BD?=
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---
 stage1/spl_ast.c    |   5 +-
 stage1/spl_ast.h    |   2 +-
 stage1/spl_ast2ir.c |   5 +-
 stage1/spl_sema.c   | 594 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 stage1/spl_sema.h   |   2 +
 stage1/spl_type.c   |  22 +-
 stage1/spl_type.h   |   2 +
 7 files changed, 553 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/stage1/spl_ast.c b/stage1/spl_ast.c
index b604900..43a10a5 100644
--- a/stage1/spl_ast.c
+++ b/stage1/spl_ast.c
@@ -1848,9 +1848,10 @@ static void dump_node(spl_ast_t *ast, spl_ast_node_ref_t node_ref, dump_stack_t
 
     for (usize i = 0; i < vec_size(*stack); i++)
         printf("%s", vec_at(*stack, i) ? "  " : "| ");
-    printf("%s%s #%zu", last ? "`-" : "|-", spl_ast_kind_name(node->kind), node_ref);
+    printf("%s%s #%zu ID`%zu`", last ? "`-" : "|-", spl_ast_kind_name(node->kind), node_ref,
+           node->resolved_type_id);
     if (node->dbg.fname)
-        printf(" (%d:%d)", node->dbg.line, node->dbg.col);
+        printf(" [%d:%d]", node->dbg.line, node->dbg.col);
     printf("\n");
 
     vec_push(*stack, last);
diff --git a/stage1/spl_ast.h b/stage1/spl_ast.h
index fabe367..f4f5985 100644
--- a/stage1/spl_ast.h
+++ b/stage1/spl_ast.h
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ struct spl_ast_node {
             spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t attr_list; /* attr_item */
             const char *name;
             spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t param_list; /* param_decl */
-            spl_ast_node_ref_t type_expr;
+            spl_ast_node_ref_t type_expr; /* ret type expr */
             spl_ast_node_ref_vec_t block; /* 语句/尾表达式 */
         } fn_decl;
         struct {
diff --git a/stage1/spl_ast2ir.c b/stage1/spl_ast2ir.c
index 441f1ca..2f0aa54 100644
--- a/stage1/spl_ast2ir.c
+++ b/stage1/spl_ast2ir.c
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t transit(spl_ir_builder_t *ir, const spl_sema_t *sema,
         if (n->ret_statement.expr) {
             ret = transit(ir, sema, n->ret_statement.expr);
         }
-        ret = spl_ir_builder_control_ret(ir, tid_from_def(sema, n->resolved_def_id), ret);
+        ret = spl_ir_builder_control_ret(ir, n->resolved_type_id, ret);
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_BREAK_STATEMENT:
     case SPL_AST_CONTINUE_STATEMENT:
@@ -111,8 +111,7 @@ static spl_ir_node_ref_t transit(spl_ir_builder_t *ir, const spl_sema_t *sema,
         TODO();
         break;
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_INTEGER_LIT: {
-        ret = spl_ir_builder_type_const_int(ir, tid_from_def(sema, n->resolved_def_id),
-                                            n->primary_expr.integer_expr);
+        ret = spl_ir_builder_type_const_int(ir, n->resolved_type_id, n->primary_expr.integer_expr);
         break;
     }
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_FLOAT_LIT:
diff --git a/stage1/spl_sema.c b/stage1/spl_sema.c
index 9d4b5b9..250ec3b 100644
--- a/stage1/spl_sema.c
+++ b/stage1/spl_sema.c
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         n = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->type_decl.type_expr);
         if (!n) {
             SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "type_decl must have type_expr");
+            sema->error_count++;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -103,9 +104,9 @@ static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
             break;
         default:
             def->kind = SPL_DEF_SCALAR;
+            spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, sema->scope->current_scope, symbol);
             break;
         }
-        spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, sema->scope->current_scope, symbol);
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_FN_DECL:
     case SPL_AST_FN_DEFINE: {
@@ -145,12 +146,136 @@ static void sema_collect(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
 }
 
 // Parse twice
-static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
-    if (ref == 0)
-        return;
+
+// use for assign_expr as_expr
+static spl_type_id_t sema_coerce(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_type_id_t to, spl_type_id_t from) {
+    // var := from
+    if (to == 0) {
+        return from;
+    }
+    // error
+    if (from == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // same
+    if (to == from) {
+        return to;
+    }
+    spl_type_node_t *tn = spl_type_node(sema->type, to);
+    spl_type_node_t *fn = spl_type_node(sema->type, from);
+    Assert(tn != NULL && fn != NULL);
+    switch (fn->kind) {
+    case SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED:
+        return to;
+    case SPL_TYPE_NULL:
+        if (tn->kind == SPL_TYPE_PTR || tn->kind == SPL_TYPE_SLICE) {
+            return to;
+        }
+        break;
+    case SPL_TYPE_INT:
+        if (tn->kind != SPL_TYPE_INT) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // var = comptime_int
+        if (tn->int_type.bits > 0 && fn->int_type.bits == 0) {
+            return to;
+        }
+
+        // not same signed
+        if (tn->int_type.is_signed != fn->int_type.is_signed) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // var i32 = i32/i16
+        if (tn->int_type.bits >= fn->int_type.bits) {
+            return to;
+        }
+        break;
+    case SPL_TYPE_FLOAT:
+        // TODO
+        break;
+    case SPL_TYPE_ARRAY:
+        // TODO
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// use for op_expr
+static spl_type_id_t sema_coerce_balance(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_type_id_t t1, spl_type_id_t t2) {
+    // error
+    if (t1 == 0 || t2 == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // same
+    if (t1 == t2) {
+        return t1;
+    }
+    spl_type_node_t *n1 = spl_type_node(sema->type, t1);
+    spl_type_node_t *n2 = spl_type_node(sema->type, t2);
+    Assert(n1 != NULL && n2 != NULL);
+
+    // TODO 应该推导类型
+    if (n1->kind == SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED && n1->kind == SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (n1->kind == SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED) {
+        return t2;
+    }
+    if (n2->kind == SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED) {
+        return t1;
+    }
+    if (n1->kind == SPL_TYPE_NULL) {
+        return (n2->kind == SPL_TYPE_PTR || n2->kind == SPL_TYPE_SLICE) ? t2 : 0;
+    }
+    if (n2->kind == SPL_TYPE_NULL) {
+        return (n1->kind == SPL_TYPE_PTR || n1->kind == SPL_TYPE_SLICE) ? t1 : 0;
+    }
+
+    if (n1->kind != n2->kind) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    switch (n1->kind) {
+    case SPL_TYPE_INT:
+        if (n1->int_type.is_signed != n2->int_type.is_signed) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return n1->int_type.bits >= n2->int_type.bits ? t1 : t2;
+    case SPL_TYPE_FLOAT:
+        return n1->float_type.bits >= n2->float_type.bits ? t1 : t2;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static bool sema_coerce_for_bool(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_type_id_t from) {
+    spl_type_id_t bool_tid =
+        spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){.kind = SPL_TYPE_BOOL});
+    return sema_coerce(sema, bool_tid, from) == bool_tid;
+}
+
+static inline void sema_push_scope(spl_sema_t *sema) {
+    spl_scope_id_t scope_id = spl_scope_alloc(sema->scope);
+    sema->store_scope = sema->scope->current_scope;
+    sema->scope->current_scope = scope_id;
+}
+
+static inline void sema_pop_scope(spl_sema_t *sema) {
+    sema->scope->current_scope = sema->store_scope;
+}
+
+static spl_type_id_t sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
+    if (ref == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
     Assert(sema != NULL);
     spl_ast_node_t *n = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, ref);
-    spl_symbol_t symbol = {0};
     Assert(n != NULL);
     switch (n->kind) {
     case SPL_AST_NONE:
@@ -160,42 +285,59 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         vec_for(n->container_members, i) { sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->container_members, i)); }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_FN_DECL:
+        break;
     case SPL_AST_FN_DEFINE: {
         if (n->resolved_def_id == 0) {
             Panic("fn `%s` don't collect", n->fn_decl.name);
         }
-
         spl_def_node_t *def = spl_type_def(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
         def->kind = SPL_DEF_FN_PARAMS;
         vec_init(def->fn_params_def);
+        sema_push_scope(sema);
 
-        spl_scope_id_t scope_id = spl_scope_alloc(sema->scope);
-        spl_scope_id_t old_id = sema->scope->current_scope;
-        sema->scope->current_scope = scope_id;
+        spl_var_def_vec_t params;
+        vec_init(params);
         vec_for(n->fn_decl.param_list, i) {
             spl_ast_node_ref_t ref = vec_at(n->fn_decl.param_list, i);
-            sema_parse(sema, ref);
-            def = spl_type_def(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
+            spl_type_id_t tid = sema_parse(sema, ref);
             spl_ast_node_t *node = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, ref);
             Assert(node->kind == SPL_AST_PARAM_DECL);
 
             spl_var_def_t var_def = {0};
             var_def.name = node->param_decl.name;
+            var_def.type_id = tid;
+            var_def.def_id = node->resolved_def_id;
             var_def.scope_id = sema->scope->current_scope;
-            vec_push(def->fn_params_def, var_def);
-        }
-        vec_for(n->fn_decl.block, i) { sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->fn_decl.block, i)); }
-        sema->scope->current_scope = old_id;
+            vec_push(params, var_def);
 
-        // spl_type_def_fn_build(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id, )
+            if (node->resolved_def_id) {
+                spl_def_node_t *pd = spl_type_def(sema->type, node->resolved_def_id);
+                Assert(pd != NULL);
+                pd->var_def.type_id = tid;
+            }
+        }
+
+        spl_def_node_t *def2 = spl_type_def(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
+        vec_free(def2->fn_params_def);
+        def2->fn_params_def = params;
+
+        spl_type_id_t ret_id = sema_parse(sema, n->fn_decl.type_expr);
+        spl_type_def_fn_build(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id, ret_id);
+        spl_type_id_t old_ret = sema->current_fn_ret_tid;
+        sema->current_fn_ret_tid = ret_id;
+        vec_for(n->fn_decl.block, i) { sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->fn_decl.block, i)); }
+        sema->current_fn_ret_tid = old_ret;
+        sema_pop_scope(sema);
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_DECL: {
-        if (n->type_decl.type_expr)
+        if (n->type_decl.type_expr) {
             sema_parse(sema, n->type_decl.type_expr);
+        }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_VAR_DECL:
     case SPL_AST_CONST_DECL: {
         if (n->resolved_def_id == 0) {
+            spl_symbol_t symbol = {0};
             symbol.name = n->var_const_decl.name;
             symbol.kind = SPL_SYMBOL_KIND_VAR;
             symbol.node = spl_type_def_alloc(sema->type);
@@ -205,20 +347,37 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
             def->kind = SPL_DEF_VAR;
             spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, sema->scope->current_scope, symbol);
         }
-        if (n->var_const_decl.type_expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->var_const_decl.type_expr);
-        if (n->var_const_decl.expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->var_const_decl.expr);
+        spl_def_node_t *def = spl_type_def(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
+        Assert(def != NULL);
+        spl_type_id_t decl_tid = 0;
+        if (n->var_const_decl.type_expr) {
+            decl_tid = sema_parse(sema, n->var_const_decl.type_expr);
+        }
+        if (n->var_const_decl.expr == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "must be assign");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        spl_type_id_t et = sema_parse(sema, n->var_const_decl.expr);
+        decl_tid = sema_coerce(sema, decl_tid, et);
+        if (decl_tid == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "decl type must not none %d");
+            sema->error_count += 1;
+        }
+        def->type_id = decl_tid;
+        def->var_def.type_id = decl_tid;
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_MEMBER_DECL: {
-        if (n->member_decl.type_expr)
+        if (n->member_decl.type_expr) {
             sema_parse(sema, n->member_decl.type_expr);
+        }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST__COMPTIME_STMT:
     case SPL_AST__DIRECTIVE_BLOCK:
         break;
     case SPL_AST_PARAM_DECL: {
         if (n->resolved_def_id == 0) {
+            spl_symbol_t symbol = {0};
             symbol.name = n->param_decl.name;
             symbol.kind = SPL_SYMBOL_KIND_VAR;
             symbol.node = spl_type_def_alloc(sema->type);
@@ -228,19 +387,32 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
             def->kind = SPL_DEF_VAR;
             spl_scope_insert(sema->scope, sema->scope->current_scope, symbol);
         }
-        if (n->param_decl.type_expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->param_decl.type_expr);
+        spl_type_id_t ptid = 0;
+        if (n->param_decl.type_expr) {
+            ptid = sema_parse(sema, n->param_decl.type_expr);
+        }
+        spl_def_node_t *pd = spl_type_def(sema->type, n->resolved_def_id);
+        pd->var_def.type_id = ptid;
+        return ptid;
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_ATTR_ITEM:
         vec_for(n->attr_item.expr_list, i) { sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->attr_item.expr_list, i)); }
         break;
     case SPL_AST_ARGG_INIT_ITEM: {
-        if (n->aggregate_init_item.expr)
+        if (n->aggregate_init_item.expr) {
             sema_parse(sema, n->aggregate_init_item.expr);
+        }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_IF_STATEMENT: {
-        if (n->if_statement.expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->if_statement.expr);
+        if (!n->if_statement.expr) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "if statement not have condition expr");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        spl_type_id_t ct = sema_parse(sema, n->if_statement.expr);
+        if (!sema_coerce_for_bool(sema, ct)) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "if condition must be bool");
+            sema->error_count++;
+        }
         vec_for(n->if_statement.if_block, i) {
             sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->if_statement.if_block, i));
         }
@@ -249,8 +421,9 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_IFVAR_STATEMENT: {
-        if (n->ifvar_statement.packed_expr)
+        if (n->ifvar_statement.packed_expr) {
             sema_parse(sema, n->ifvar_statement.packed_expr);
+        }
         vec_for(n->ifvar_statement.if_block, i) {
             sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->ifvar_statement.if_block, i));
         }
@@ -259,8 +432,15 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_WHILE_STATEMENT: {
-        if (n->while_statement.expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->while_statement.expr);
+        if (!n->while_statement.expr) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "while statement not have condition expr");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        spl_type_id_t ct = sema_parse(sema, n->while_statement.expr);
+        if (!sema_coerce_for_bool(sema, ct)) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "while condition must be bool");
+            sema->error_count++;
+        }
         vec_for(n->while_statement.while_block, i) {
             sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->while_statement.while_block, i));
         }
@@ -277,8 +457,9 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         vec_for(n->for_statement.block, i) { sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->for_statement.block, i)); }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_MATCH_STATEMENT: {
-        if (n->match_statement.expr)
+        if (n->match_statement.expr) {
             sema_parse(sema, n->match_statement.expr);
+        }
         vec_for(n->match_statement.paced_exprs, i) {
             sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->match_statement.paced_exprs, i));
         }
@@ -287,7 +468,14 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_RET_STATEMENT: {
-        sema_parse(sema, n->ret_statement.expr);
+        if (n->ret_statement.expr) {
+            spl_type_id_t tid = sema_parse(sema, n->ret_statement.expr);
+            if (sema_coerce(sema, sema->current_fn_ret_tid, tid) != sema->current_fn_ret_tid) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "return type not match");
+                sema->error_count += 1;
+            }
+            n->resolved_type_id = sema->current_fn_ret_tid;
+        }
     } break;
     case SPL_AST_BREAK_STATEMENT:
     case SPL_AST_CONTINUE_STATEMENT:
@@ -305,7 +493,22 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         if (n->packed_expr.expr)
             sema_parse(sema, n->packed_expr.expr);
     } break;
-    case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_EXPR:
+    case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t lt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.left);
+        if (lt == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "assign target has no type");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        spl_type_id_t rt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.right);
+        if (sema_coerce(sema, lt, rt) == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "assign type mismatch");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = lt;
+        return lt;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_ADD_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_SUB_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_MUL_EXPR:
@@ -315,45 +518,181 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
     case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_OR_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_XOR_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_LSHIFT_EXPR:
-    case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_USHIFT_EXPR:
+    case SPL_AST_ASSIGN_USHIFT_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t lt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.left);
+        spl_type_id_t rt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.right);
+        if (lt == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "assign target has no type");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (sema_coerce_balance(sema, lt, rt) != lt) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "compound assign result would narrow or mismatch lhs type");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = lt;
+        return lt;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_BOOL_OR_EXPR:
-    case SPL_AST_BOOL_AND_EXPR:
+    case SPL_AST_BOOL_AND_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t lt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.left);
+        spl_type_id_t rt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.right);
+        spl_type_node_t *ln = spl_type_node(sema->type, lt);
+        spl_type_node_t *rn = spl_type_node(sema->type, rt);
+        if (!ln || ln->kind != SPL_TYPE_BOOL || !rn || rn->kind != SPL_TYPE_BOOL) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "logical operands must be bool");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        spl_type_id_t bt = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){.kind = SPL_TYPE_BOOL});
+        n->resolved_type_id = bt;
+        return bt;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_BIT_OR_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_BIT_XOR_EXPR:
-    case SPL_AST_BIT_AND_EXPR:
+    case SPL_AST_BIT_AND_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t lt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.left);
+        spl_type_id_t rt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.right);
+        spl_type_id_t peer = sema_coerce_balance(sema, lt, rt);
+        spl_type_node_t *pn = spl_type_node(sema->type, peer);
+        if (!pn || pn->kind != SPL_TYPE_INT) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "bitwise operands must be integers");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = peer;
+        return peer;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_CMP_EQ_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_CMP_NE_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_CMP_LE_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_CMP_GE_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_CMP_LT_EXPR:
-    case SPL_AST_CMP_GT_EXPR:
+    case SPL_AST_CMP_GT_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t lt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.left);
+        spl_type_id_t rt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.right);
+        if (sema_coerce_balance(sema, lt, rt) == 0) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "comparison operands type mismatch");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        spl_type_id_t bt = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){.kind = SPL_TYPE_BOOL});
+        n->resolved_type_id = bt;
+        return bt;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_RANGE_EXPR:
+        break;
     case SPL_AST_LSHIFT_EXPR:
-    case SPL_AST_RSHIFT_EXPR:
+    case SPL_AST_RSHIFT_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t lt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.left);
+        spl_type_id_t rt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.right);
+        spl_type_node_t *ln = spl_type_node(sema->type, lt);
+        spl_type_node_t *rn = spl_type_node(sema->type, rt);
+        if (!ln || ln->kind != SPL_TYPE_INT || !rn || rn->kind != SPL_TYPE_INT) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "shift operands must be integers");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = lt;
+        return lt;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_ADD_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_SUB_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_MUL_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_DIV_EXPR:
-    case SPL_AST_MOD_EXPR:
-        if (n->op_expr.left)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.left);
-        if (n->op_expr.right)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.right);
-        break;
-    case SPL_AST_MINUS_EXPR:
-    case SPL_AST_NOT_EXPR:
-    case SPL_AST_BIT_NOT_EXPR:
+    case SPL_AST_MOD_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t lt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.left);
+        spl_type_id_t rt = sema_parse(sema, n->op_expr.right);
+        spl_type_id_t peer = sema_coerce_balance(sema, lt, rt);
+        spl_type_node_t *pn = spl_type_node(sema->type, peer);
+        if (!pn || (pn->kind != SPL_TYPE_INT && pn->kind != SPL_TYPE_FLOAT)) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "arithmetic operands type mismatch");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = peer;
+        return peer;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_MINUS_EXPR: {
+        spl_ast_node_t *op = spl_ast_node(sema->ast, n->prefix_expr.postfix_expr);
+        if (op && op->kind == SPL_AST_EXPR_INTEGER_LIT) {
+            spl_type_id_t ct = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                                  .int_type.bits = 0,
+                                                                  .int_type.is_signed = true,
+                                                              });
+            n->resolved_type_id = ct;
+            return ct;
+        }
+        if (op && op->kind == SPL_AST_EXPR_FLOAT_LIT) {
+            spl_type_id_t ct = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_FLOAT,
+                                                                  .float_type.bits = 0,
+                                                              });
+            n->resolved_type_id = ct;
+            return ct;
+        }
+        spl_type_id_t t = sema_parse(sema, n->prefix_expr.postfix_expr);
+        spl_type_node_t *tn = spl_type_node(sema->type, t);
+        if (!tn || (tn->kind != SPL_TYPE_INT && tn->kind != SPL_TYPE_FLOAT)) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "unary minus requires numeric operand");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = t;
+        return t;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_NOT_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t t = sema_parse(sema, n->prefix_expr.postfix_expr);
+        spl_type_node_t *tn = spl_type_node(sema->type, t);
+        if (!tn || tn->kind != SPL_TYPE_BOOL) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "`not` requires bool operand");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        spl_type_id_t bt = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){.kind = SPL_TYPE_BOOL});
+        n->resolved_type_id = bt;
+        return bt;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_BIT_NOT_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t t = sema_parse(sema, n->prefix_expr.postfix_expr);
+        spl_type_node_t *tn = spl_type_node(sema->type, t);
+        if (!tn || tn->kind != SPL_TYPE_INT) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "bitnot requires integer operand");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = t;
+        return t;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_ADDRESS_EXPR:
         if (n->prefix_expr.postfix_expr)
             sema_parse(sema, n->prefix_expr.postfix_expr);
         break;
-    case SPL_AST_CALL_EXPR:
-        if (n->postfix_expr.primary_expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->postfix_expr.primary_expr);
-        vec_for(n->postfix_expr.call_expr, i) {
-            sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->postfix_expr.call_expr, i));
+    case SPL_AST_CALL_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t fnt = sema_parse(sema, n->postfix_expr.primary_expr);
+        spl_type_node_t *fn = spl_type_node(sema->type, fnt);
+        if (!fn || fn->kind != SPL_TYPE_FN) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "call target is not a function");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
         }
-        break;
+        if (vec_size(n->postfix_expr.call_expr) != vec_size(fn->fn_type.params)) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "call argument count mismatch");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        vec_for(n->postfix_expr.call_expr, i) {
+            spl_type_id_t at = sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->postfix_expr.call_expr, i));
+            if (sema_coerce(sema, vec_at(fn->fn_type.params, i), at) == 0) {
+                SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "call argument type mismatch");
+                sema->error_count++;
+            }
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = fn->fn_type.ret;
+        return fn->fn_type.ret;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_FIELD_EXPR:
     case SPL_AST_DEREF_EXPR:
         if (n->postfix_expr.primary_expr)
@@ -373,38 +712,84 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         if (n->postfix_expr.slice_expr.end)
             sema_parse(sema, n->postfix_expr.slice_expr.end);
         break;
-    case SPL_AST_AS_EXPR:
-        if (n->postfix_expr.primary_expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->postfix_expr.primary_expr);
-        if (n->postfix_expr.type_expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->postfix_expr.type_expr);
-        break;
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_INTEGER_LIT:
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_FLOAT_LIT:
+    case SPL_AST_AS_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t st = sema_parse(sema, n->postfix_expr.primary_expr);
+        spl_type_id_t tt = sema_parse(sema, n->postfix_expr.type_expr);
+        spl_type_node_t *sn = spl_type_node(sema->type, st);
+        if (tt == 0 || !sn ||
+            (sn->kind != SPL_TYPE_INT && sn->kind != SPL_TYPE_FLOAT && sn->kind != SPL_TYPE_BOOL)) {
+            SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "invalid `as` cast");
+            sema->error_count++;
+            break;
+        }
+        n->resolved_type_id = tt;
+        return tt;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_EXPR_INTEGER_LIT: {
+        spl_type_id_t ct = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                              .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                              .int_type.bits = 0,
+                                                              .int_type.is_signed = true,
+                                                          });
+        n->resolved_type_id = ct;
+        return ct;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_EXPR_FLOAT_LIT: {
+        spl_type_id_t ct = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                              .kind = SPL_TYPE_FLOAT,
+                                                              .float_type.bits = 0,
+                                                          });
+        n->resolved_type_id = ct;
+        return ct;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_CHAR_LIT:
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_STRING_LIT:
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_TRUE:
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_FALSE:
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_NULL:
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_UNDEFINED:
         break;
+    case SPL_AST_EXPR_NULL: {
+        spl_type_id_t nt = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){.kind = SPL_TYPE_NULL});
+        n->resolved_type_id = nt;
+        return nt;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_EXPR_TRUE:
+    case SPL_AST_EXPR_FALSE: {
+        spl_type_id_t bt = spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){.kind = SPL_TYPE_BOOL});
+        n->resolved_type_id = bt;
+        return bt;
+    }
+    case SPL_AST_EXPR_UNDEFINED: {
+        spl_type_id_t ut =
+            spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){.kind = SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED});
+        n->resolved_type_id = ut;
+        return ut;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_EXPR_IDENT: {
+        spl_symbol_t symbol = {0};
         if (!spl_scope_find(sema->scope, n->primary_expr.ident, &symbol)) {
             SPL_ERROR(&n->dbg, "can't find ident `%s`", n->primary_expr.ident);
-            return;
+            sema->error_count++;
+            return 0;
         }
         Assert(symbol.node != 0);
         n->resolved_def_id = symbol.node;
-    } break;
+        spl_def_node_t *d = spl_type_def(sema->type, symbol.node);
+        if (!d) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (d->kind == SPL_DEF_VAR || d->kind == SPL_DEF_MEMBER) {
+            return d->var_def.type_id;
+        }
+        return d->type_id;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_ARGGREGATE_INIT:
         vec_for(n->primary_expr.aggregate_init.expr, i) {
             sema_parse(sema, vec_at(n->primary_expr.aggregate_init.expr, i));
         }
         break;
-    case SPL_AST_EXPR_EXPR:
-        if (n->primary_expr.expr)
-            sema_parse(sema, n->primary_expr.expr);
-        break;
+    case SPL_AST_EXPR_EXPR: {
+        spl_type_id_t t = sema_parse(sema, n->primary_expr.expr);
+        n->resolved_type_id = t;
+        return t;
+    }
     case SPL_AST_ARRAY_LIT:
         if (n->primary_expr.array_lit_expr.type_expr)
             sema_parse(sema, n->primary_expr.array_lit_expr.type_expr);
@@ -460,20 +845,85 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         }
         break;
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_VOID:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_VOID,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_BOOL:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_BOOL,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_OPAQUE:
+        break;
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_I8:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = 8,
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = true,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_U8:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = 8,
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = false,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_I16:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = 16,
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = true,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_U16:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = 16,
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = false,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_I32:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = 32,
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = true,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_U32:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = 32,
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = false,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_I64:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = 64,
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = true,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_U64:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = 64,
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = false,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_ISIZE:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = sizeof(void *) * 8, /* FIXME */
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = true,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_USIZE:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_INT,
+                                                  .int_type.bits = sizeof(void *) * 8, /* FIXME */
+                                                  .int_type.is_signed = false,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE__F32:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_FLOAT,
+                                                  .float_type.bits = 32,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE__F64:
+        return spl_type_node_push(sema->type, (spl_type_node_t){
+                                                  .kind = SPL_TYPE_FLOAT,
+                                                  .float_type.bits = 64,
+                                              });
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_ANY:
     case SPL_AST_TYPE_IDENT:
         break;
@@ -481,6 +931,7 @@ static void sema_parse(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_node_ref_t ref) {
         UNREACHABLE();
         break;
     }
+    return 0;
 }
 
 void spl_sema_init(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_t *ast, spl_type_t *type, spl_scope_t *scope) {
@@ -489,6 +940,7 @@ void spl_sema_init(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_t *ast, spl_type_t *type, spl_scope
     sema->type = type;
     sema->scope = scope;
     sema->error_count = 0;
+    sema->current_fn_ret_tid = 0;
     sema->root = (spl_symbol_t){0};
 }
 
diff --git a/stage1/spl_sema.h b/stage1/spl_sema.h
index ea6b76c..366f131 100644
--- a/stage1/spl_sema.h
+++ b/stage1/spl_sema.h
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ typedef struct {
     spl_scope_t *scope;
     spl_symbol_t root;
     int error_count;
+    spl_scope_id_t store_scope;
+    spl_type_id_t current_fn_ret_tid; // TODO
 } spl_sema_t;
 
 void spl_sema_init(spl_sema_t *sema, spl_ast_t *ast, spl_type_t *type, spl_scope_t *scope);
diff --git a/stage1/spl_type.c b/stage1/spl_type.c
index 693f0a7..2936cd5 100644
--- a/stage1/spl_type.c
+++ b/stage1/spl_type.c
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ static usize spl_type_hash(spl_type_node_t n) {
     case SPL_TYPE_ERROR:
     case SPL_TYPE_VOID:
     case SPL_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED:
+    case SPL_TYPE_NULL:
         break;
     case SPL_TYPE_INT:
         hash += n.int_type.bits + n.int_type.is_signed;
@@ -54,6 +56,8 @@ static int spl_type_eq(spl_type_node_t n1, spl_type_node_t n2) {
     case SPL_TYPE_ERROR:
     case SPL_TYPE_VOID:
     case SPL_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED:
+    case SPL_TYPE_NULL:
         break;
     case SPL_TYPE_INT:
         if (n1.int_type.bits != n2.int_type.bits)
@@ -318,11 +322,25 @@ void spl_type_pure_dump(spl_type_t *type, spl_type_id_t id) {
     case SPL_TYPE_BOOL:
         printf("bool");
         break;
+    case SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED:
+        printf("undefined");
+        break;
+    case SPL_TYPE_NULL:
+        printf("null");
+        break;
     case SPL_TYPE_INT:
-        printf("%s%zu", n->int_type.is_signed ? "i" : "u", n->int_type.bits);
+        if (n->int_type.bits == 0) {
+            printf("comptime_int");
+        } else {
+            printf("%s%zu", n->int_type.is_signed ? "i" : "u", n->int_type.bits);
+        }
         break;
     case SPL_TYPE_FLOAT:
-        printf("f%zu", n->float_type.bits);
+        if (n->float_type.bits == 0) {
+            printf("comptime_float");
+        } else {
+            printf("f%zu", n->float_type.bits);
+        }
         break;
     case SPL_TYPE_PTR:
         printf("*");
diff --git a/stage1/spl_type.h b/stage1/spl_type.h
index 2154494..b0f5987 100644
--- a/stage1/spl_type.h
+++ b/stage1/spl_type.h
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ typedef enum {
     SPL_TYPE_BOOL,
     SPL_TYPE_INT,
     SPL_TYPE_FLOAT,
+    SPL_TYPE_UNDEFINED, // 自动配对任意类型的字面量，值为 undefined
+    SPL_TYPE_NULL,      // 自动配对指针/切片的字面量，值为 0
     SPL_TYPE_PTR,
     SPL_TYPE_SLICE, // 未来拥有泛型后删除
     SPL_TYPE_RANGE, // 未来拥有泛型后删除