feat(backend/riscv32): 实现基础的编译器功能

- 完成 RV32IMA 指令集的代码生成
- 添加整数运算、分支、调用等基本指令支持
- 实现从 IR 到机器码的转换
- 添加简单的测试用例和测试框架

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/01_return.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int main() {
+    return 65536;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/02_decl_expr.c

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+int main() {
+    int a;
+    int b;
+    a = 1 + 2 * 3;
+    b = 7;
+    a = a - b + 1;
+    return a;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/03_decl_init.c

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+int main() {
+    int x = 10;
+    x = x + 1;
+    return x;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/04_if.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+int main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = 1;
+    if (a) {
+        a = 1;
+    } else {
+        a = 2;
+    }
+    return a;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/05_else.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+int main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = 0;
+    if (a) {
+        a = 1;
+    } else {
+        a = 2;
+    }
+    return a;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/06_fcall.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+int add(int, int);
+
+int main(void) {
+    return add(1, 2);
+}
+
+int add(int a, int b) {
+    return a + b;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/07_while.c

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+int main() {
+    int i = 0;
+    while (i < 10) i = i + 1;
+    return i;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/08_do_while.c

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// #include <stdio.h>
+
+int main() {
+    int i = 0;
+    int pow = 1;
+    do {
+        pow = pow * 2;
+        i = i + 1;
+    } while(i < 7);
+    // printf("%d", pow);
+    return pow;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/09_for.c

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+int main() {
+    int num = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i += 1) {
+        num = num + 1;
+    }
+    return num;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/10_main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+int add(int a, int b) {
+    return a + b;
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+    return add(1, 2);
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/11_recursive.c

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// #include <stdio.h>
+
+int factorial(int num);
+
+int main() {
+    int num = 5;
+    int result = factorial(num);
+    // printf("%d", result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+int factorial(int num) {
+    if (num == 0) {
+        return 1;
+    } else {
+        return num * factorial(num - 1);
+    }
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+VM := ../../rv32-vm
+CC := ../../ccompiler
+STD_CC := gcc
+
+TESTS := $(wildcard *.c)
+
+# 定义所有测试目标
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst %.c, %_test, $(TESTS))
+
+all: $(TEST_TARGETS)
+
+%_test: %.c
+	@$(STD_CC) -g -o $@ $<
+	@$(CC) $< flat.bin
+	@./$@ ; ret_gcc=$$?
+	@$(VM) flat.bin ; ret_vm=$$?
+	@echo "Testing $@"
+	@if [ $$ret_gcc -eq $$ret_vm ]; then \
+		echo "$@ passed"; \
+	else \
+		echo "$@ failed: GCC returned $$ret_gcc, VM returned $$ret_vm"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(TEST_TARGETS) flat.bin
+
+.PHONY: all clean

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/hard_01.c

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int main() {
+    int a, b;
+    a = 1;
+    b = 2;
+    return a + b;
+}

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import subprocess
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# 配置参数
+TEST_DIR = Path(".")
+CC_PATH = Path("../../ccompiler.exe")
+VM_PATH = Path("../../rv32-vm.exe")
+WORKSPACE = Path(".")  # 测试工作目录
+
+# 测试用例映射表（示例）
+TEST_CASE_MAP = {
+    "./01_return.c": 65536,
+    "./02_decl_expr.c": 1,
+    "./03_decl_init.c": 11,
+    "./04_if.c": 1,
+    "./05_else.c": 2,
+    "./06_fcall.c": 3,
+    "./07_while.c": 10,
+    "./08_do_while.c": 128,
+    "./09_for.c": 10,
+    "./10_main.c": 3,
+    "./11_recursive.c": 120,
+}
+
+def run_command(cmd, capture_stderr=True):
+    """执行命令并捕获stderr"""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        cmd,
+        cwd=WORKSPACE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE if capture_stderr else None,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=1,
+    )
+    return result.stderr.strip() if capture_stderr else None
+
+def run_test(test_file, expected):
+    print(f"\nTesting {test_file}...")
+    
+    # 1. 编译生成flat.bin
+    compile_cmd = [str(CC_PATH), str(test_file)]
+    compile_err = run_command(compile_cmd)
+    
+    if not (WORKSPACE / "flat.bin").exists():
+        print(f"  Compilation failed: {compile_err}")
+        return False
+
+    # 2. 执行虚拟机
+    vm_cmd = [str(VM_PATH), "flat.bin"]
+    
+    # 3. 解析返回值（假设最后一行是返回值）
+    try:
+        vm_err = run_command(vm_cmd)
+        actual = int(vm_err.split()[-1])
+    except (ValueError, IndexError) as e:
+        print(f"  Invalid VM output: {vm_err}")
+        return False
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        print("  Timeout expired")
+        return False
+
+    # 4. 验证结果
+    if actual == expected:
+        print(f"  PASSED {test_file}")
+        return True
+    else:
+        print(f"  FAILED: Expected {expected}, got {actual}")
+        return False
+
+def main():
+    passed = 0
+    total = 0
+
+    for test_file, expected in TEST_CASE_MAP.items():
+        total += 1
+        if run_test(TEST_DIR / test_file, expected):
+            passed += 1
+        
+        # 清理中间文件
+        if (WORKSPACE / "flat.bin").exists():
+            os.remove(WORKSPACE / "flat.bin")
+
+    print(f"\nTest Summary: {passed}/{total} passed")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()