refactor(ast): 将AST类型系统重构为规范类型系统

- 将scc_ast_type_t替换为scc_ast_qual_type_t，引入规范类型概念
- 添加scc_ast_canonical_type_t联合体用于表示规范类型
- 修改头文件结构，移除大量内联初始化函数，改为使用AST上下文分配器
- 添加SCC_AST_ALLOC宏用于统一节点分配管理
- 更新builtin类型枚举定义，添加类型计数常量

feat(ast): 引入AST上下文管理器

- 创建scc_ast_ctx_t结构体用于管理AST节点生命周期
- 实现类型池化机制，支持内置类型的统一管理
- 添加canonical类型获取和分配接口

refactor(abi): 适配新的AST类型系统

- 更新头文件包含，从<scc_ir.h>改为<scc_hir.h>
- 适配函数参数类型，使用qual_type替代原始type
- 使用scc_ast_canon_type()函数获取规范类型进行处理

Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>

libs/parser/include/scc_parse_type.h

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#ifndef __SCC_PARSE_TYPE_H__
+#define __SCC_PARSE_TYPE_H__
+
+#include <scc_ast.h>
+#include <scc_ast_utils.h>
+
+static inline void scc_ast_type_pointer_init(scc_ast_qual_type_t *type,
+                                             scc_ast_canon_type_t *canon,
+                                             scc_ast_qual_type_t *pointee,
+                                             scc_pos_t loc) {
+    Assert(type != nullptr && pointee != nullptr);
+    type->base.loc = loc;
+    type->base.type = SCC_AST_TYPE_POINTER;
+    type->quals = (scc_ast_decl_specifier_t){0};
+    type->type = canon;
+    canon->pointer.pointee = pointee;
+}
+
+// size can be nullptr
+static inline void scc_ast_type_array_init(scc_ast_qual_type_t *type,
+                                           scc_ast_canon_type_t *canon,
+                                           scc_ast_qual_type_t *element,
+                                           scc_ast_expr_t *size,
+                                           scc_pos_t loc) {
+    Assert(type != nullptr && element != nullptr);
+    type->base.loc = loc;
+    type->base.type = SCC_AST_TYPE_ARRAY;
+    type->quals = (scc_ast_decl_specifier_t){0};
+    type->type = canon;
+    canon->array.element = element;
+    canon->array.size = size;
+}
+
+// return_type and params can be nullptr
+static inline void scc_ast_type_function_init(scc_ast_qual_type_t *type,
+                                              scc_ast_canon_type_t *canon,
+                                              scc_ast_qual_type_t *return_type,
+                                              scc_ast_decl_vec_t *params,
+                                              scc_pos_t loc) {
+    Assert(type != nullptr);
+    type->base.loc = loc;
+    type->base.type = SCC_AST_TYPE_FUNCTION;
+    type->quals = (scc_ast_decl_specifier_t){0};
+    type->type = canon;
+    canon->function.return_type = return_type;
+    if (params == nullptr) {
+        scc_vec_init(canon->function.params);
+    } else {
+        canon->function.params = *params;
+        scc_vec_init(*params);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void _scc_ast_type_record_init(scc_ast_qual_type_t *type,
+                                             scc_ast_canon_type_t *canon,
+                                             scc_ast_node_kind_t type_kind,
+                                             const char *name,
+                                             scc_ast_decl_t *decl,
+                                             scc_pos_t loc) {
+    Assert(type != nullptr);
+    type->base.loc = loc;
+    type->base.type = type_kind;
+    type->quals = (scc_ast_decl_specifier_t){0};
+    type->type = canon;
+    canon->record.name = name;
+    canon->record.decl = decl;
+}
+
+// name and decl can be nullptr
+static inline void scc_ast_type_struct_init(scc_ast_qual_type_t *type,
+                                            scc_ast_canon_type_t *canon,
+                                            const char *name,
+                                            scc_ast_decl_t *decl,
+                                            scc_pos_t loc) {
+    _scc_ast_type_record_init(type, canon, SCC_AST_TYPE_STRUCT, name, decl,
+                              loc);
+}
+
+// name and decl can be nullptr
+static inline void
+scc_ast_type_union_init(scc_ast_qual_type_t *type, scc_ast_canon_type_t *canon,
+                        const char *name, scc_ast_decl_t *decl, scc_pos_t loc) {
+    _scc_ast_type_record_init(type, canon, SCC_AST_TYPE_UNION, name, decl, loc);
+}
+
+// name and decl can be nullptr
+static inline void scc_ast_type_enum_init(scc_ast_qual_type_t *type,
+                                          scc_ast_canon_type_t *canon,
+                                          const char *name,
+                                          scc_ast_decl_t *decl, scc_pos_t loc) {
+    _scc_ast_type_record_init(type, canon, SCC_AST_TYPE_ENUM, name, decl, loc);
+}
+
+static inline void scc_ast_type_typedef_init(scc_ast_qual_type_t *type,
+                                             scc_ast_canon_type_t *canon,
+                                             const char *name,
+                                             scc_ast_decl_t *target,
+                                             scc_pos_t loc) {
+    Assert(type != nullptr && target != nullptr);
+    type->base.loc = loc;
+    type->base.type = SCC_AST_TYPE_TYPEDEF;
+    type->quals = (scc_ast_decl_specifier_t){0};
+    type->type = canon;
+    canon->typedef_type.name = name;
+    canon->typedef_type.decl = target;
+}
+
+#endif /* __SCC_PARSE_TYPE_H__ */

libs/parser/include/scc_parser.h

@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ typedef struct scc_parser {
     scc_lexer_tok_ring_t *ring;
     usize checkpoint;
 
-    scc_sema_callbacks_t sema_callbacks;
+    scc_ast_ctx_t *ast_ctx;
+    scc_sema_ctx_t sema_callbacks;
     scc_ast_translation_unit_t *translation_unit;
     int errcode;
 } scc_parser_t;
 
-// static inline scc_ast_type_t *scc_parser_
+// static inline scc_ast_qual_type_t *scc_parser_
 
 /**
  * @brief 初始化解析器
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ typedef struct scc_parser {
  * @param callbacks 语义分析回调(可为 nullptr)
  */
 void scc_parser_init(scc_parser_t *parser, scc_lexer_tok_ring_t *tok_ring,
-                     scc_sema_callbacks_t *callbacks);
+                     scc_ast_ctx_t *ast_ctx, scc_sema_ctx_t *callbacks);
 
 /**
  * @brief 销毁解析器
@@ -74,9 +75,9 @@ scc_ast_expr_t *scc_parse_expression(scc_parser_t *parser);
  * @return 类型 AST 节点
  */
 scc_ast_decl_t *scc_parse_declarator(scc_parser_t *parser,
-                                     scc_ast_type_t *type);
-scc_ast_type_t *scc_parse_declaration_specifiers(scc_parser_t *parser);
-scc_ast_type_t *scc_parse_type_name(scc_parser_t *parser);
+                                     scc_ast_qual_type_t *type);
+scc_ast_qual_type_t *scc_parse_declaration_specifiers(scc_parser_t *parser);
+scc_ast_qual_type_t *scc_parse_type_name(scc_parser_t *parser);
 
 static inline void scc_parse_decl_sema(scc_parser_t *parser,
                                        scc_ast_decl_t *decl) {
@@ -100,14 +101,14 @@ static inline void scc_parse_stmt_sema(scc_parser_t *parser,
 }
 
 static inline void scc_parse_type_sema(scc_parser_t *parser,
-                                       scc_ast_type_t *type) {
+                                       scc_ast_qual_type_t *type) {
     parser->sema_callbacks.on_type(parser->sema_callbacks.context,
                                    type ? type->base.type : SCC_AST_UNKNOWN,
                                    type);
 }
 
-static inline scc_ast_type_t *scc_parse_got_type(scc_parser_t *parser,
-                                                 const char *name) {
+static inline const scc_ast_qual_type_t *
+scc_parse_got_type(scc_parser_t *parser, const char *name) {
     return parser->sema_callbacks.got_type(parser->sema_callbacks.context,
                                            name);
 }

libs/parser/include/scc_sema.h

@@ -9,21 +9,23 @@
 typedef void (*scc_sema_callback_t)(void *context,
                                     scc_ast_node_kind_t node_type, void *node);
 
-typedef scc_ast_type_t *(*scc_sema_got_type_t)(void *context, const char *name);
+typedef const scc_ast_qual_type_t *(*scc_sema_got_type_t)(void *context,
+                                                          const char *name);
 
 /**
  * @brief 语义分析回调集合
  */
-typedef struct scc_sema_callbacks {
+typedef struct scc_sema_ctx {
     scc_sema_callback_t on_decl;
     scc_sema_callback_t on_stmt;
     scc_sema_callback_t on_expr;
     scc_sema_callback_t on_type;
     scc_sema_got_type_t got_type;
+    scc_ast_ctx_t *ast_ctx;
     void *context;
-} scc_sema_callbacks_t;
+} scc_sema_ctx_t;
 
-void scc_sema_init(scc_sema_callbacks_t *callbacks);
-void scc_sema_drop(scc_sema_callbacks_t *callbacks);
+void scc_sema_init(scc_sema_ctx_t *sema_ctx, scc_ast_ctx_t *ast_ctx);
+void scc_sema_drop(scc_sema_ctx_t *sema_ctx);
 
 #endif /* __SCC_SEMA_H__ */