feat(backend/riscv32): 实现基础的编译器功能

- 完成 RV32IMA 指令集的代码生成
- 添加整数运算、分支、调用等基本指令支持
- 实现从 IR 到机器码的转换
- 添加简单的测试用例和测试框架

ccompiler/backend/riscv32/tests/simple/test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import subprocess
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# 配置参数
+TEST_DIR = Path(".")
+CC_PATH = Path("../../ccompiler.exe")
+VM_PATH = Path("../../rv32-vm.exe")
+WORKSPACE = Path(".")  # 测试工作目录
+
+# 测试用例映射表（示例）
+TEST_CASE_MAP = {
+    "./01_return.c": 65536,
+    "./02_decl_expr.c": 1,
+    "./03_decl_init.c": 11,
+    "./04_if.c": 1,
+    "./05_else.c": 2,
+    "./06_fcall.c": 3,
+    "./07_while.c": 10,
+    "./08_do_while.c": 128,
+    "./09_for.c": 10,
+    "./10_main.c": 3,
+    "./11_recursive.c": 120,
+}
+
+def run_command(cmd, capture_stderr=True):
+    """执行命令并捕获stderr"""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        cmd,
+        cwd=WORKSPACE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE if capture_stderr else None,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=1,
+    )
+    return result.stderr.strip() if capture_stderr else None
+
+def run_test(test_file, expected):
+    print(f"\nTesting {test_file}...")
+    
+    # 1. 编译生成flat.bin
+    compile_cmd = [str(CC_PATH), str(test_file)]
+    compile_err = run_command(compile_cmd)
+    
+    if not (WORKSPACE / "flat.bin").exists():
+        print(f"  Compilation failed: {compile_err}")
+        return False
+
+    # 2. 执行虚拟机
+    vm_cmd = [str(VM_PATH), "flat.bin"]
+    
+    # 3. 解析返回值（假设最后一行是返回值）
+    try:
+        vm_err = run_command(vm_cmd)
+        actual = int(vm_err.split()[-1])
+    except (ValueError, IndexError) as e:
+        print(f"  Invalid VM output: {vm_err}")
+        return False
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        print("  Timeout expired")
+        return False
+
+    # 4. 验证结果
+    if actual == expected:
+        print(f"  PASSED {test_file}")
+        return True
+    else:
+        print(f"  FAILED: Expected {expected}, got {actual}")
+        return False
+
+def main():
+    passed = 0
+    total = 0
+
+    for test_file, expected in TEST_CASE_MAP.items():
+        total += 1
+        if run_test(TEST_DIR / test_file, expected):
+            passed += 1
+        
+        # 清理中间文件
+        if (WORKSPACE / "flat.bin").exists():
+            os.remove(WORKSPACE / "flat.bin")
+
+    print(f"\nTest Summary: {passed}/{total} passed")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()